Plastic Pollution and impacts 2023.pptx

#beatplasticpollution
Solution to plastic pollution

1. Dr . Bishu Karmakar Scientist B, T ripura State Pollution Control Board “ Plastic Pollution and its Impact”

2. The word Plastic is from the Greek word “ Plastikos ” meaning “Capable of being shaped or moulded ”. The first man-made plastic was created by Alexander Parkes who publicly demonstrated it in 1862, Great International Exhibition in London. Plastics are a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic materials that use polymers as a main ingredient. Plastic are made primarily from fossil fuel– based chemicals or petrochemicals. The excellent Barrier properties , high carrying capacity, low cost, lightness made the plastic so popular specially in packaging industries. . What is Plastic?

3. CHEMISTRY IN PLASTIC The majority of plastics are composed of polymers of carbon and hydrogen alone or with oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine or sulphur in the backbone. Some Common plastics are : Polypropylene (PP) - Food containers, appliances, car fenders (bumpers) Polystyrene ( PS) - Packaging foam, food containers, disposable cups, plates, CD boxes. High impact polystyrene (HIPS)- Fridge liners, food packaging, vending cups. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)- Electronic equipment cases as computer parts, drainage pipe etc. Polyethylene T erepthalate (PET)- Carbonated drink bottles, jars, plastic films, microvable packaging. Polyester (PES)- Fibres , textiles . Polyamides (PA) (Nylons)- Fibres , toothbrush bristles, fishing line, under the hood car engine mouldings . Poly Vinyl Chloride(PVC )- Plumbing pipes and guttering, shower curtains, window frames. Polyurethanes (PU)- Cushioning foams, thermal insulation foams, surface coatings, printing rollers. Polycarbonate (PC)- Compact discs, eyeglasses, security windows, traffic lights, lenses. Poly vinyldene chloride (PVDC)- Food packaging Polyethylene(PE)- Wide range of inexpensive uses including super market bags, plastic bottles Polycarbonate/Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene(PC/ABS)- Car interior and exterior parts .

4. WHAT IS SINGLE USE PLASTICS? India has defined SUP as “a plastic commodity intended to be used once for the same purpose before being disposed of or recycled” in its plastic waste management amendment rules, 2021. Our life is 100% dependent on single use plastic. Our daily life is filled with plastic right from tooth brushes to carry bags , water bottles , garbage bags, etc., especially on the most dangerous Single U se P lastic (SUP ) . It takes up to 1000 years to decompose. Even then their Environmental legacy lasts forever. Bottles Wrappers Straws Bags Surgical Gloves Cutlery Garbage Bag

5. PLASTIC POLLUTION Plastic pollution is the accumulation of plastic   products in the environment that adversely affects wildlife, habitat, or humans. It is one of the biggest environmental challenges, with statistics showing that there will be more plastic in the oceans than fish by 2050. Plastics that act as pollutants are categorized into micro, meso , macro debris based on size. T he chemical structure of most plastics renders them resistant to many natural processes of degradation and as a result they are slow to degrade.

6. PLASTIC POLLUTION

7. SOURCES OF PLASTIC POLLUTION

8. PLASTIC POLLUTION FACTS More than 400 million tonnes of plastic is produced every year. Of that 50% is SUP and less than 10% is recycled. An estimated 19-23 million tonnes end up in lakes, rivers and seas. Every year the world uses 500 billion plastic bags. In the last decade, we produced more plastic than in the whole last century. We buy 1 million plastic bottles every minute. Plastic makes up 10% of all of the waste we generate . It takes up to 1000 years to decompose, even then their environmental legacy lasts.

9. Plastic Waste Generation : INDIA In India, average plastic waste generation is about 26,000 tones per day and it is about 18 % of total MSW generation i.e. 1,41,064 tones/day. On an average, about 12,970 tonnes of single use plastic is generated per day in India. Only 60% of the plastic waste produced is recycled and balance 10,400 tonnes of plastic is either landfilled or left unattended in environment causing land, air and water pollution. In our State, MSW generation is about 331.9 TPA and the plastic waste generation is 50% of it (Plastic waste generated in Tripura in 2021-22 was 163.9 TPA).

10. Bags , Trays, Containers, food packaging film COMMON SUP ITEMS Milk Bottles, Freezer bags , shampoo bottles , ice cream containers Bottles for water and other drinks, dispensing containers for cleaning fluids , biscuit trays Microwave dishes, ice cream tubs, Potato chips bags , bottle caps Cutlery Plates and Cups

11. Adverse Effects o f Plastic Plastic pollutes beaches & oceans Plastic litters the landscape Consumption of Plastic bags sometimes leads to death of animals Plastic bags are one of the most common factors for environmental degradation Not only animals, even human lives are affected by plastic pollution

12. The single use plastic items are manufactured by using organic and i norganic additives like colourants and pigments, plasticizers, antioxidants, stabilizers and metals. These additives are carcinogenic and likely to contaminate the surroundings in which they are dumped. Toxic metals like cadmium and lead when used in manufacturing of some plastic items also leach out and contaminate the food stuffs. Cadmium when absorbed in the low doses can cause vomiting and heart enlargement . Lead exposure in long term may cause degeneration of brain tissues . HEALTH EFFECTS

13. The plastic items when dumped unscientifically contaminates soil and water disrupting the natural balance of those ecosystem. Most of the time, especially in Urban areas we face flooded roads and houses which is mainly due to the choked drainage system caused by littering of SUPs. Block sewage systems and provide breeding grounds for mosquitoes, raising the risk of malaria transmission. Open burning of SUP items leads to air pollution in the environment. The littered SUPs makes the soil less fertile for agricultural use and arrest the recharging of ground water aquifers. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

14. Micro plastic pollutant Microplastics are tiny plastic particles that result from both commercial product development and the breakdown of larger plastics.  Microplastics are defined as plastics less than five millimeters (0.2 inches) in diameter—smaller in diameter than the standard pearl used in jewelry. Primary  microplastics  are tiny particles designed for commercial use, such as cosmetics, as well as microfibers shed from clothing and other textiles, such as fishing nets. Secondary microplastics  are particles that result from the breakdown of larger plastic items, such as water bottles. This breakdown is caused by exposure to environmental factors, mainly the sun’s radiation and ocean waves.

15. Effects of Micro plastics The toxic effects of MPs in both fish and human are in R&D stage. T here is a potential danger for the trophic transfer of MNPs to humans and other higher animals, after being ingested by lower organisms. MPs can cause tissue damage, oxidative stress, and changes in immune-related gene expression as well as antioxidant status in fish.   The fish also may suffer from neurotoxicity, growth retardation, and behavioral abnormalities . Due to the abundance of MPs in environment, exposure may occur  via  consumption, inhalation, and skin contact. Humans may experience oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, neurotoxicity, immune system disruption, and transfer of MPs to other tissues after being exposed to them. 

16. “The manufacture , import, stocking, distribution, sale and use of identified single use plastic, including polystyrene and expanded polystyrene , commodities shall be prohibited with effect from the 1st July, 2022. Plastic carry bags having thickness less then 75 microns were banned from September, 2021. Plastic carry bags having thickness less then 120 microns will be banned from 31st December, 2022. PHASING OUT SINGLE USE PLASTICS Plates, cups, glasses, Cutlery such as forks, spoons, knives, straw, trays, wrapping or packing films around sweet boxes Plastic sticks with balloons, Ear buds with plastic sticks, Plastic flags, Candy sticks, Ice- cream sticks, Polystyrene ( thermocol ) for decoration , Invitation cards, and cigarette packets, Plastic or PVC banners less than 100 micron, stirrers . Plastic carry bags less than 120 micron

17. BANNE D SU P ITEM S Plastic sticks with balloons Ear buds with plastic sticks Plastic flags Ice- cream sticks Candy sticks Polystyrene (thermocol) for decoration Plates, cups, glasses Plastic cutlery, tray, straws, stirrers Wrapping films around sweet/ cigarette packets Less than 100 micron PVC banners

18. SUP items Alternatives of SUP items Ear buds with plastic sticks Bamboo/ wooden sticks Plastic sticks for balloons Bamboo/ wooden sticks Plastic flags Paper/Cloth flags Plastic candy sticks Bamboo/ wooden sticks Ice-cream sticks Bamboo/ wooden sticks Polystyrene (thermocol) for decoration Paper/Cloth for decoration Plastic cup & plates Paper/Mud cup, Plates made of banana, shawl, areca nut leafs Plastic straws Bamboo/Paper Straw Plastic cutlery items such as forks, spoons, knives, trays Bamboo/ wooden forks, spoons, knives Plastic stirrers Bamboo/ wooden stirrers Plastic carry bags Paper bags, clothes bags, jute bags, crochet bags, muslin bags, Bio degradable plastic bags, plastic bags above 120 micron ALTERNATIVE S

19. Plastic Waste M anagement : Tripura There are no SUP items manufacturing industrial units in the State. As per the Annual Report 2021-2022, the generation of plastic waste in the State is 169.63 TPA. 23 nos. plastic items manufacturing units are operational in the Tripura State. 13 nos. plastic wastes recycling units are operational in the Tripura State . There are 85 nos. of Material Recovery Facilities working under ULBs . The industrial entrepreneurs are being incentivised for setting up of plastic recycling unit and manufacturing unit of alternatives of SUPs. Enforcement of ban order and realization of penalty as Pollution Cost against the violators. IEC activities involving eco club, merchant association, NGOs.

20. Social A wareness and P ublic E ducation : Awareness generation among people about the impact of SUP items is necessary as many are unknown of the threat that is destroying our environment, which directly or indirectly effects us. Promotion of eco friendly alternatives : Entrepreneurship development for more recycling of single use plastic items and manufacture of bio compostable bags and other items. Involvement of SHGs/NGOs to produce affordable alternatives of SUP items using Jute, cloth, leafs, areca nut leafs etc. Bio degradable carry bags and bio plstics . WA Y FORWAR D Legal Options : Enforcing banning orders and imposing penalty for violators. Unique Ideas : Students innovative can come and unique up with ideas to combat the plastic menace.

21. Active People Involvement : Speak to lawmakers and get involved with government and share ideas Educate Business Community : Speak to Business Community about various options that they can switch to for packaging, storing, and bagging items. WA Y FORWAR D Recycling everything : Check everything before we put it in the trash, as more and more items are able to be recycled these days. Shop Friendly : Carry a bag and always reuse plastic bags as much as possible. Get Rid of Bottled water : Many companies now sell reusable water bottles as a substitute, reducing plastic waste and exposure to leaking bottles.

22. R E D U C E R E U S E R E C Y C L E R E C O V E R L A N D F I L L PLASTIC WASTE MANAGEMENT OPTIONS Safe disposal of waste to landfill Recovering energy to waste Using materials to make new products Using materials repeatedly Lowering the amount of waste produced MOsT FAVOURED OPTION LEAsT FAVOURED OPTION

23. BEST PRACTICES IN TRIPURA The Public Work Department, Government of Tripura has notified policy for use of plastic wastes in road carpeting and periodical renewal of bituminous road. The Agartala Smart City Limited has constructed 680 meter road from Women’s College to Budhjung Chowmuhani namely BK Road, Agartala by mixing plastic wastes with bitumen at a cost of Rs . 70 lakh as pilot basis. A project for making tools to manufacture paver blocks using plastic wastes has been initiated by the Tripura State Pollution Control Board in collaboration with CIPET, Agartala . The objectives of this project are to provide training and demonstration to the interested entrepreneurs for making paver blocks using plastic wastes. Initiative has been taken to set up unit using plastic wastes to wealth. One RDF unit is under process to set up for using plastic waste oil . This oil will be used as lubricant for instruments, equipment etc.

24. TREN D SETTER S Plastic Man of India Padma Shri Dr. Rajagopalan Vasudevan is an Indian scientist working mainly in waste management. Currently a professor in Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Dr. Vasudevan has developed an innovative method to reuse plastic waste to construct better, more durable and very cost- effective roads. The roads also show greater resistance to damages caused by heavy rains and ‘Plastic roads’ constructed since 2002 have not developed blisters or potholes. His road construction method is now widely used to construct roads in rural India. For his contribution he is often referred to as “ Plastic Man of India ” and was awarded India’s fourth highest civilian honour Padma Shri in 2018.

25. The young entrepreneur Ashwath Hedge founded EnviGreen – a company that produces 100% organic, biodegradable, and eco- friendly bags. They look like plastic bags but are made of materials like natural starch and vegetable oil derivatives. If placed in a glass of water at normal temperature, an EnviGreen bag dissolves in a day. And when placed in a glass of boiling water, it dissolved in just 15 seconds! These bags take less than 180 days to biodegrade naturally once discarded. So users can throw them away without worrying about harming the environment. The bags are even edible and will cause no harm to animals if ingested. TREN D SETTER S

26. Mission LiFE Realizing the urgency of the Single Use Plastic pollution reduction and undertaking sustainable lifestyle; Hon'ble Prime Minister of India presented a Global Movement for Sustainable Lifestyle called LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment) to generate awareness and convert the mindset of the general masses to conscious utilization of the resources and adopt nature friendly & bio- degradable substances over non biodegradable items. LiFE was introduced by Prime Minister Narendra Modi— at COP26 in Glasgow on 1 November 2021 —as a mass movement for “ mindful and deliberate utilization, instead of mindless and destructive consumption ” to protect and preserve the environment. It aims to nudge individuals and communities to practice a lifestyle that is synchronous with nature and does not harm it.

27. 7 COMPONENTS OF MISSION LIFE SAVE ENERGY SAVE WATER SINGLE USE PLASTIC REDUCTION SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEM ADOPTION WASTE REDUCTION ADOPTING HEALTHY LIFESTYLE E- WASTE REDUCTION

28. OU R EXPECTATION S Through this programme we try to generate awareness among you all so that you understand the importance of the scenario and each one of you can share this information with others and apprise them about the need to restrict Single Use Plastic Items from their daily lifestyle. Authorities of this prestigious Institute are also requested to take steps so that their Institutes can become Single Use Plastic Free Zone

29. A Timely warning … Mahatma Gandhi warned that " nature had enough for everybody's need but not for everybody's greed."  

30. THANK YOU ALL