Plate Tectonics Chapter Quiz Earth Science Pastel Lined Style (1).pdf

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1. GOOD
AFTERNOON
CLASS

2. Activity 1
NUMBER SUBSTITUTION CYPHER
The class will be divided into 2
groups and each group will
have a cypher key and set of
encoded messages. Your task
is to decode the message and
shout “ meow” for the first
group to finish.

3. CYPHER KEY
MESSAGE:
O9 03 15 07 13 03 16 03 04 03

4. CYPHER KEY
MESSAGE:
GAME KA NABA

5. CYPHER KEY
MESSAGE:
15 11 22 11 09 03 22 11 17

21 22 20 03 22 07 09 11 07 21

6. CYPHER KEY
MESSAGE:
MITIGATION
STRATEGIES

7. CYPHER KEY
MESSAGE:
09 07 17 14 17 09 11 05
15 03 18

8. CYPHER KEY
MESSAGE:
GEOLOGIC MAP

9. CYPHER KEY
MESSAGE:
08 03 23 14 22 14 11 16 07 21

10. CYPHER KEY
MESSAGE:
FAULT LINES

11. What difficulties
have you encounter
in decoding the
messages?

12. Is deciphering a message
the same as reading a map?
What do you think is more
difficult?

13. We have here a map of the Liquefaction Hazard in
Aloran. Your task is to identify and answer the
following questions relating to the given map
Activity 2: Observe and
Interpet

15. LESSON 2
INTERPRETING GEOLOGICAL MAP

16. Identify mitigation strategies to prevent
loss of lives and properties,
(Q2 – Week 2, DRR11/12-IIa-b-27)
·Interpret geological maps,
(Q2 – Week 2, DRR11/12-IIa-b-30)
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to

17. LESSON 2
INTERPRETING GEOLOGICAL MAP

18. Geologic maps display the
arrangement of geologic
features of a particular area.
These features can include
such things as types of rocks,
faults, minerals, and
groundwater
INTERPRETING GEOLOGICAL MAP
GEOLOGICAL MAP

19. Geologic maps are not like other
maps. A geologic map shows the
distribution of geologic features,
including different kinds of rocks
and faults. The geology is
represented by colors, lines, and
special symbols unique to
geologic maps.
INTERPRETING GEOLOGICAL MAP

21. Unlike any maps, what
do you think is the
focus of Geologic Map?

22. FEATURES OF GEOLOGICAL MAP

23. COLOR SCHEME
The most striking features of
geologic maps are its colors.
Each color represents a
different geologic unit. A
geologic unit is a volume of a
certain kind of rock of a given
age range.

24. Usually the symbol is the combination of an initial
capital letter followed by one or more small letters.
The capital letter represents the age of the geologic
unit. Geologists have divided the history of the Earth
into Eons (the largest division), Eras, Periods, and
Epochs, mostly based on the fossils found in rocks.
LETTER SYMBOLS

25. LETTER SYMBOLS

26. "JM" typically represents the Juniata Formation, which is a
sedimentary rock formation found in parts of the Appalachian
region of North America. It is named after the Juniata River, a
tributary of the Susquehanna River that flows through central
Pennsylvania. The river itself was named by Native Americans,
and "Juniata" is believed to be a derivative of the Iroquoian word
"Onayutta," which means "standing stone" or "one standing
upright.
"Jk" represents the Jennings Formation, which is a geological
formation found in parts of the United States. It is named after
Jennings County, Indiana, where it was first described and
identified.
LETTER SYMBOLS

27. LETTER SYMBOLS

28. The letter symbols signify the name and age of the rock units in
an area. The first letter refers to the geologic age, as shown
above. The other letters refer to the formation name or the rock
type. When discussing the geologic age of a rock, it could range
from millions to billions of years, depending on the specific
methods used for dating and the context within the geologic
time scale.
Eon: Billions of years
Era: Hundreds of millions of years
Period: Tens of millions of years
Epoch: Millions of years
Age: Hundreds of thousands to millions of years
LETTER SYMBOLS

29. 3.1 Contact lines
The place where two different geologic units are found
next to each other is called a contact, and that is
represented by different kinds of lines on the geologic
map. The two main types of contacts shown on most
geologic maps are depositional contacts and faults.
These boundaries often represent significant
geological events, such as deposition, erosion, faulting,
intrusion, or age of the rock.
Lines on the Map

30. Lines on the Map

31. 3.1 Contact lines
Lava from a volcano flows over the landscape, and
when the lava hardens into rock, the place where the
lava-rock rests on the rock’s underneath is a
depositional contact. Contact lines are shown on the
map as a thin line.
Lines on the Map

32. Lines on the Map

33. A fault is a fracture or zone of
fractures along which there has
been movement of the Earth's
lithosphere relative to each other.
Fault lines are significant features
in understanding the tectonic
history and structure of a region
FAULTS

34. FAULTS

35. Faults can cut through a single geologic
unit. These faults are shown with the same
thick line on the map, but have the same
geologic unit on both sides. Remember,
just because the map shows a fault doesn’t
mean that fault is still active and is likely
to cause an earthquake. Rocks can
preserve records of faults that have been
inactive for many millions of years.
FAULTS

36. FAULTS

37. 4.1 Folds
Another kind of line shown on most geologic maps is a fold
axis. In addition to being moved by faults, geologic units
can also be bent and warped by the same forces into
rounded wavelike shapes called folds. A line that follows
the crest or trough of the fold is called the fold axis. This is
marked on a geologic map with a line a little thicker than a
depositional contact, but thinner than a fault. In a fold, the
crest refers to the highest point or ridge along the folded
rock layers, while the trough refers to the lowest point or
depression between the folded layers. These terms describe
the geometric characteristics of the fold and help
geologists understand its overall shape and orientation
LINES

38. LINES

39. LINES

40. Tilted beds are shown on a geological map with a
strike and dip symbol. The symbol consists of
three parts: a long line, a short line, and a
number. The long line is called the strike line, and
shows the direction in the bed that is still
horizontal. The strike line shows that horizontal
direction in the beds. The short line is called the
dip line, and shows which way the bed is tilted.
The number is called the dip, and shows how
much the bed is tilted, in degrees, from flat. The
higher the number, the steeper the tilting of the
bed, all the way up to 90 degrees if the bed is
tilted all the way onto its side.
STRIKES AND DIPS

41. STRIKES AND DIPS

42. STRIKES AND DIPS

43. MAP KEY
The map key usually starts with a list showing the color and
letter symbol of every geologic unit, starting with the youngest
or most recently formed units. Then, a short description of the
kinds of rocks in that unit and their age (in the key, the age is
described by Epochs, subdivisions of the Periods shown in the
letter symbol). After the list of geologic units, all the different
types of lines on the map are explained, and then all the
different strike and dip symbols. The map key will also include
explanations of any other kinds of geologic symbols used on a
map (locations where fossils were found, locations of deposits
of precious metals, location of faults known to be active, and
any other geologic feature that might be important in the area
shown by the geologic map).

44. MAP KEY

45. MAP KEY

46. MITIGATION STRATEGIES TO PREVENT
LOSS OF LIVES AND PROPERTIES

47. Mitigation involves acting to reduce the
risk of life or property damage from a
potentially dangerous incident. There is no
way to avoid natural disasters, but people
and organizations may take steps to
minimize the harm and losses that they
cause. Furthermore, mitigation is defined by
Merriam Webster’s dictionary as process or
result of making something less severe,
dangerous, painful, harsh, or damaging.

48. Landslides are also known as country
slips. If your area is prone to landslide,
plant more trees, grasses, and other
vegetation for soil compaction and
erosion prevention. Build mudflow or
debris flow diversion channels to steer
flow away from your property. Make sure
that diversion does not affect any
neighbor or property and/or result in
more substantial damage. Do not build
your house on or near steep slopes,
mountain edges, drainages, or natural
erosion valleys.

49. Here are some steps to consider before,
during and after a landslide:
A. Before a Landslide
1. Be familiar with your surroundings. Watch for any changes to
certain objects' presence or positions. When there is a sudden
debris flow, this could be a good indicator of an incoming
landslide.
2. Avoid open storm-water drainage and runoff as these areas
are likely to receive debris and soil from higher elevations,
especially when there is a storm or heavy rainfall.
3. Be updated on news regarding the condition of your area.
4. Be aware of the disaster plans of your local government.
5. Learn and participate in emergency response and evacuation
plans for your community.

50. 1. Be attentive to unusual such as cracking objects,
moving debris, and rolling boulders.
2. Stay away from the path of debris. This is more
dangerous if mudflow occurs because it increases in
strength as it meets more water from ponds or
streams and it could be aggravated by heavy rain.
3. Stay alert and awake. Listen for unusual sounds
that might indicate moving debris, such as trees
cracking or boulders knocking together
4. Stay on an elevated and sturdy area. Avoid low-
lying areas and steep slopes.
5. If escape is not possible, curl into a tight ball and
protect your head. Find a structure that can serve to
protect you from the flow of debris.
B. During a Landslide
Mid-Atlantic Ridge is located
along the floor of the Atlantic
Ocean and is part of the longest
mountain range in the world

51. 1. Stay away from a slide area as there is still danger of more
landslides.
2. Listen for the latest emergency information.
3. Follow warnings and instruction from the local government.
4. If the landslide is caused by rainfall, watch out for flooding as
it will follow the same path taken by the debris flow.
5. Check for injured or trapped people near the slide, and
flooding as it will follow other potential hazards. Report these
immediately to the rescuers or authorities
After a Landslide

52. Sinkhole, also known as a cenote,
swallet, swallow hole, or doline. The
sinkhole is a depression or hole in the
ground caused by some form of surface
layer collapse. Most of them are caused
by processes of karst-the chemical
dissolution of carbonate rocks or
suffosion. Sinkholes vary in diameter and
depth from 1 to 600 m (3.3 to 2000 ft)
and vary in shape from soil-lined bowls to
bedrock-edged chasms. Sinkholes may
gradually or suddenly form, and are found
all over the world.

53. In an event that sinkholes are not detected earlier
and it appears suddenly, do the following:
1.Find refuge in a stable ground or open
area.
2. Wait until the structures on and around
the sinkhole stops moving. Do not attempt
to go back and retrieve your belongings.
3. Wait for the local government’s
announcement when it is safe to go back.

54. 1. Stay away from the sinkhole.
2. Monitor the damages on objects. For
example, if the crack gets longer or wider the
sinkhole may still enlarge.
3. Do not throw anything into the sinkhole.
Anything thrown into it may contaminate the
groundwater.
4. Secure whatever is left of your properties
and relocate to safe grounds, preferably far
from this location because the same bedrock
or soil profile may characterize the vicinities of
the sinkhole.
After a sinkhole’s appearance, here are the following steps to do:
Mid-Atlantic Ridge is located
along the floor of the Atlantic
Ocean and is part of the longest
mountain range in the world

55. A.) Rock age/name
B.) Strike and dip
C.) Color Scheme
D.) Contact line
E.) Fault line
Activity 3: What Am I
Called

56. Activity 4: Make Me Safe
You will identify the following situations and write in a ¼
sheet of paper “TO DO” or “NOT TO DO”.
·When the ground looks like it's
playing a game of peek-a-boo
with your house, it's time to
reinforce it with strong
barriers like retaining walls.

57. Activity 4: Make Me Safe
You will identify the following situations and write in a ¼
sheet of paper “TO DO” or “NOT TO DO”.
·To keep your backyard from
becoming a surprise roller
coaster ride, make sure to
plant deep-rooted trees and
shrubs that can hold the soil
together.

58. Activity 4: Make Me Safe
You will identify the following situations and write in a ¼
sheet of paper “TO DO” or “NOT TO DO”.
·When sinkholes start
appearing in your
neighborhood, it's best not to
use them as makeshift
swimming pools – they're not
as deep as they seem!

59. Activity 4: Make Me Safe
You will identify the following situations and write in a ¼
sheet of paper “TO DO” or “NOT TO DO”.
·To prevent your house from
doing a disappearing act into
the ground, consult with a
geotechnical engineer to
assess the stability of your
land.

60. Activity 4: Make Me Safe
You will identify the following situations and write in a ¼
sheet of paper “TO DO” or “NOT TO DO”.
·When the ground starts
feeling squishier than a
marshmallow, it's probably
best not to build anything
heavy on top of it, like a
swimming pool or a giant
statue of yourself.

61. Activity 4: Make Me Safe
You will identify the following situations and write in a ¼
sheet of paper “TO DO” or “NOT TO DO”.
·To keep your driveway from
turning into a surprise obstacle
course, avoid parking heavy
vehicles on it for extended
periods.

62. Activity 4: Make Me Safe
You will identify the following situations and write in a ¼
sheet of paper “TO DO” or “NOT TO DO”.
·When sinkholes turn your
backyard into a game of
whack-a-mole, resist the
temptation to fill them in with
sand and pretend they're giant
sandboxes.

63. Activity 4: Make Me Safe
You will identify the following situations and write in a ¼
sheet of paper “TO DO” or “NOT TO DO”.
·To prevent your home from
becoming a victim of a
landslide, make sure to install
proper drainage systems to
redirect water away from
vulnerable areas.

64. Activity 4: Make Me Safe
You will identify the following situations and write in a ¼
sheet of paper “TO DO” or “NOT TO DO”.
When the ground beneath your
feet feels wobblier than a Jell-
O mold, avoid adding extra
weight to it by piling on heavy
rocks or concrete.

65. Activity 4: Make Me Safe
You will identify the following situations and write in a ¼
sheet of paper “TO DO” or “NOT TO DO”.
To protect your property from
landslides, consider planting
ground cover plants like grass
or ferns to help stabilize the
soil and prevent erosion.

66. Test 1: Multiple Choice.
Directions: Select the most
appropriate answer for each question
from the options provided. Write it in a
½ crosswise piece of paper.

67. 1. What do geologic maps primarily
display?
A) Distribution of roads and rivers
B) Distribution of geologic features like
rocks and faults
C) Population density
D) Weather patterns

68. 2. What do colors represent on a
geologic map?
A) Types of vegetation
B) Different geologic units
C) Elevation levels
D) Political boundaries

69. 3. What do letter symbols represent on
a geologic map?
A) Types of vegetation
B) Different geologic ages
C) Population density
D) Weather patterns

70. 4. What does "JM" typically represent
on a geologic map?
A) Jurassic Mountains
B) Jasper Marble
C) Juniata Formation
D) Juniper Marsh

71. 5. How are contact lines represented
on a geologic map?
A) Thick lines
B) Dashed lines
C) Thin lines
D) Wavy lines

72. 6. What do thick lines on a geologic
map typically represent?
A) Fold axes
B) Depositional contacts
C) Fault contacts
D) Strike and dip

73. 7. How are folds represented on a
geologic map?
A) Thick lines
B) Thin lines
C) Dashed lines
D) Curvy lines

74. 8. What do strike and dip symbols
represent on a geologic map?
A) Types of vegetation
B) Elevation levels
C) Tilted beds
D) Distribution of precious metals

75. 9. What is typically included in a map
key on a geologic map?
A) List of population density
B) List of political boundaries
C) Explanation of colors and symbols
used
D) Description of weather patterns

76. 10. What do geologists use geologic
maps for?
A) To locate best places for hiking
B) To study distribution of vegetation
C) To understand Earth's makeup and
locate resources
D) To plan transportation routes

77. Test 2: Essay
Direction: With the same paper, give your
honest opinion.
Question:
"In a world where beauty and resilience intertwine,
how can the implementation of robust mitigation
strategies protect communities from the looming
threats of sinkholes and landslides, ensuring a safer
and more sustainable future for all?"

78. Assignment: Make Me
Direction: You are a geologist. You have discovered
5 rock formations in ATHS. In a short bond paper,
provide and draw your own Geologic Map. Base your
drawing to the sample picture.
Features that can be seen in the map:
1.) Rock age/name
2.) Strike and dip
3.) Color Scheme
4.) Contact line
5.) Fault line

79. THANK YOU
HAVE A WONDERFUL DAY