PMB 501 Presentation on antibiotics.pptx

Antibiotics classified based on structure

1. P M B 5 1 P R E S E N TATION D A T E : 6 t h J u l y , 2 2 4 . C O U R S E T I T L E : C O U R S E L E C T U R E R : D r . G u r a m a A . G u r a m a ( P h D , P h D ) G R O U P N U M B E R : 4

2. I n t r oduction • Infectious diseases are the major causes of human sickness and death. • To overcome such health care issues, antibiotics proved to be promising agents ever since they were introduced in the early 1 9 s . S i n c e t h e n , t h e y have been classified in several ways . T h i s p resentation a i m s t o e x p l o r e t w o o f t h e s e c l a s s i f i c a t ion types .

3. C H E M I C A L CLASSIFICATION O F A N T I M I C R O B I A L A G E N T S ( F O CUS O N A N T I B A CTERIALS ) • Diffe rent skeleton‐containing antibiotics display different therapeutic behaviour; therefore, it is an ultimate need to classify antibacterials on the basis of their chemical structure. • This classification is also very important as similar structural units have similar patterns of toxicity, effectiveness, and other related properties .

4. C L A S S I F I C A TION . . . . . 1 . β‐Lactams : P e n i c i l l i n s ( a m p i cillin , a m o x i c i llin ) C e p h a l o sporins ( c e f t r i a x o n e , c e p h a l e x i n , c e f u r o x i m e ) C a r b a p e n e m s ( i m i p i n e m , m e r o p e n e m ) M o n o b a c t a n s ( a z t r e o n a m ) 2 . M a c r o l i d e s ( a z i t h r o mycin , e r ythromy c i n ) 3 . T e t r a ycline s ( d o x y c y c l i n e , t e t r a c y c l i n e ) 4 . A m i n o g l y c oside s ( g e n t a micin , t o b r a m i c i n ) 5 . Q u i n o l o n e s a n d f l u o r o quinolones ( n a l i d i x i c a c i d , c i p r o f l o x a c i n ) 6 . S t r e p t o g r a m i n s ( d a l f o p r i s t i n , q u i n o p r i s t i n ) 7 . S u l p h o h a m i d e s ( s u l p h a d i a z i n e , s u l p h a m e t h o x a z o l e ) 8 . N i t r o i m i d a z o l e s ( m e t r o n i d a z o l e , b e n z n i d a z o l e )

5. . . . . . CHEMICAL STRUCTURE C l a s s i f i c a t ion b a s e d o n c h e m i c a l s tructure i s very i m p o r t a n t a s i t h e l p s i n u n d e r s t anding the s i m i larities i n t h e v a r i o u s m o d e s o f a c t ion a n d p o t e n t i al c ross - r e s i s t a n c e among t h e a n t i m i c robial a g e n t s w ithin e a c h g r o u p .