Pneumatic system for Marine Engineering2

Pneumatic system for Marine Engineering

1. Pneumatics System Theory and applications

2. Learning Objectives Outcome 2 Explain basic pneumatic systems used on board ships Performance criteria PC2.1 List the safety precautions to be used while working with compressed air PC2.2 Explain and list the hazards that can occur from compressed air PC2.3 State advantage and disadvantages of pneumatics PC2.4 List the various equipment operated by pneumatics such as pneumatic wrench and others PC2.5 List the various accessories used in pneumatics PC2.6 Explain the nomenclature used in pneumatics as per ISO (New) and letting system (Old) PC2.7 Describe the symbols used in pneumatics and how they are different from the hydraulics PC2.8 Explain the common faults that occur in pneumatics and rectifications PC2.9 Describe methods to overhaul the pneumatic tools / equipment such as pneumatic torque wrench

3. introduction The  pneumatic system  has played an essential role in the mechanical field and also it is being used in  industrial automation  solutions development. These systems are related to hydraulic systems however compressed air is used in these systems instead of hydraulic fluid. The term ‘Pneuma’ means air whereas Pneumatics means using compressed air to perform the specific task

4. Safety precaution while working with compressed air The safety precautions to be used while working with compressed air include: Watch Where You Point It: Avoid pointing compressed air at yourself or others to prevent injuries. Follow All Rules: Adhere to safety guidelines and regulations when using compressed air to ensure safe operation. Check Equipment Before Use: Conduct a safety check on equipment, ensuring hoses and lines are in good condition without any damage. Protect Yourself: Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as safety glasses, face masks, hearing protection, and protective clothing. Read Instruction Manuals: Familiarize yourself with the instruction manual of the air compressor to understand safety measures specific to the equipment. Wear Appropriate Protective Gear: Use safety goggles, ear protection, and other suitable protective gear while working with compressed air. Inspect Lines and Accessories: Regularly inspect lines and hoses to prevent leakages and ruptures that can lead to accidents.

5. Advantages of Pneumatic Systems Infinite availability of the source - Air is freely and easily available everywhere, with no scarcity of the source. Safe and clean operation - Compressed air is non-flammable and does not cause contamination, making it suitable for use in sensitive environments like food and pharmaceutical industries. Lower operating and maintenance costs - Pneumatic components are generally simpler, lighter, and less expensive compared to hydraulic or electrical systems. Easy control of speed and force - The speed and power output of pneumatic actuators can be easily adjusted by varying the air pressure and flow. Ability to store energy - Compressed air can be stored in reservoirs, allowing for quick release of energy for high-speed applications. Safer than electrical systems - Pneumatic systems do not pose risks of electrical shocks or fires.

6. Disadvantages of Pneumatic Systems Lack of precision control - Pneumatic systems are less precise compared to electrical or hydraulic systems due to the compressibility of air. Sensitivity to leaks - Any leaks in the system can cause significant loss of efficiency and performance. Noise generation - The exhaust of compressed air can be noisy, requiring the use of silencers. Requirement for air preparation - The compressed air needs to be filtered, regulated, and potentially lubricated before use, adding to the system complexity. Limited force output - Pneumatic actuators generally have lower force output compared to hydraulic systems. Susceptibility to temperature and vibrations - Pneumatic systems can be affected by changes in temperature and vibrations, impacting their performance.

7. Comparison of power system Aspect Hydraulic System Electrical System Mechanical System Pneumatic System Force and Torque High Variable Variable Low Energy Efficiency Moderate High Low Moderate Precision Moderate High High Low Maintenance Moderate Low Low Moderate Noise Level Moderate Low High Low Durability High High High Moderate

8. Industrial automation (example)

9. Pneumatics system

10. Pneumatics system component

11. Air compressor The main function of this compressor is to reduce the volume of air & increase the air pressure. This device captures air from the atmosphere and compresses it, storing the pressurized air for use in the system.

12. Air conditioning (filter, regulator & lubricator) Air Conditioning: The compressed air is then conditioned by filtering, regulating, and potentially lubricating it to ensure it is clean, dry, and at the appropriate pressure for the system.

13. Control valves Valves: Directional control valves are used to control the flow of the compressed air, directing it to the various pneumatic actuators and tools.

14. Actuators Pneumatic Actuators: These are the devices that convert the compressed air into mechanical motion, such as linear or rotary motion. Common examples include pneumatic cylinders and air motors.

15. Use of portable pneumatic tools on board

16. Nomenclature refers to the system of names or terms used in a particular field or subject. In the context of pneumatics, nomenclature encompasses the standardized designations, symbols, and terminology used to describe various components and systems. nomenclature used in pneumatics

17. The key aspects of pneumatic nomenclature include: ISO standards: ISO standards like ISO 15552 and ISO 6432 define the main parameters, dimensions, and designations for pneumatic cylinders and other components. Pneumatic symbols: Standardized symbols are used to represent pneumatic components and functions in circuit diagrams. These symbols convey information about the component's actuation method, number of positions, flow paths, and number of ports. Valve designations: Pneumatic valves are often referred to by the number of ports and "ways" (flow paths). For example, a "4/2" directional control valve has 4 ports and 2 valve positions. Terminology: Specific terms are used to describe various pneumatic components and concepts, such as accumulators, actuators, filters, regulators, lubricators (FRLs), and more. nomenclature used in pneumatics

18. No ISO LETTING 1 ISO standards like ISO 15552 and ISO 6432 define the main parameters and dimensions for pneumatic cylinders, ensuring compatibility and interoperability The "letting" system was an older nomenclature used in pneumatics, which involved designating components based on the number of ports and valve positions. 2 Pneumatic symbols are standardized iconography used to represent components and functions within pneumatic systems, facilitating universal understanding For example:3 /2 directional control valve: 3 ports, 2 valve positions 5/3 directional control valve: 5 ports, 3 valve positions This system provided a concise way to identify the basic functionality of pneumatic valves and components. 3 ISO 21287 applies to single-rod compact pneumatic cylinders with specific dimensions and working pressure limits 4 Cushioning methods in pneumatic cylinders, such as flexible shock absorbers and adjustable pneumatic cushioning, are important for decelerating the piston's movement 5 Pneumatic cylinder accessories like piston position feedback systems enhance the functionality and safety of the system ISO STANDARD VS LETTING SYSTEM