pneumoconiosis, epidemiology, prevention, and control

lung disease

1. PNEUMOCONIOSIS, ITS EPIDEMIOLOGY, PREVENTION AND CONTROL .

2. WHAT IS PNEUMOCONIOSIS? A lung disease due to exposure of lung for variable period to dust in the size range of 0.5 to 3 microns leading to lung fibrosis and other complications.

3. HAZARDS OF DUST PARTICALS ON LUNG DEPENDS ON

4. SOME IMPORTANT DUST DISEASES ARE:

5. SILICOSIS Major cause of permanent disability and mortality First reported in India from Kolar Gold Mines (Mysore) in 1947 The incubation period may vary from a few months to up to 6 years of exposure. Silicosis was made a notifiable disease under the Factories Act 1948 and the Mines A ct 1952

6. Pathogenesis of silicosis

7. Courtesy of Dr. John Godleski, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.) Advanced silicosis seen on transection of lung. Scarring has contracted the upper lobe into a small dark mass ( arrow). Note the dense pleural thickening.

8. Management of silicosis: There is no effective treatment of silicosis Fibrotic changes that have already taken place cannot be reversed. The only way that silicosis can be controlled is by Rigorous dust control measures, e.g., substitution complete enclosure , isolation , hydroblasting etc Regular examination of workers

9. Anthracosis Risk of death among coal miners has been nearly twice that of general population It has been declared as a notifiable disease in Indian Mines Act of 1952 and also compostable in the Workmen’s Compensation Act of 1959.

10. Pathogenesis of anthraconiosis

11. Progressive massive fibrosis in a coal worker. Large amount of black pigment is associated with fibrosis. (From Klatt EC: Robbins and Cotran atlas of pathology, ed 2, Elsevier, p. 121.)

12. BYSSINOSIS Due to inhalation of cotton fibre dust over long periods of time Symptoms are chronic cough , progressive dyspnoea, ending in chronic bronchitis and emphysema Incidence of byssinosis is reported to be 7 to 8 percent in three independent surveys carried out in Mumbai, Ahmedabad and Delhi.

13. Bagassosis D ue to bagasse or sugarcane Reported first by Ganguli and Pal in 1955 in a cardboard manufacturing firm near K olkata .

14. ASBESTOSIS Asbestos are silicates of varying composition ; the silica combines with such bases as magnesium, iron, calcium, sodium and aluminium. Asbestos are of two types Serpentine or chrysolite variety Amphibole type Asbestos is mined in Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, K arnataka etc

15. Preventive measures Use of safer types of asbestos Substitution of other insulants; glass fibers, mineral wool, calcium silicate etc Rigorous dust control Periodic clinical examination

16. Farmer’s lung Due to inhalation of mouldy hay or grains

17. REFERENCE: PARK’S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICINE

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