Podoconiosis, types and characteristics..pptx

The powerpoint elaborates on Podoconiosis, a disease caused by exposure to red mineral soil in some parts of the world. Leads to enlargement of limbs by swelling

1. PODOCONIOSIS (non filarial elephantiasis)

2. INTRODUCTION Podoconiosis is a diease caused by minerals such as Si , Al, Mg and Fe particles from the soil Affects bare-footed farmers in well-defined fertile volcanic highland zones presents as bilateral asymmetrical swelling of the feet and lower legs It has characteristics as lymphatic filariasis

3. Introduction cont It is a geochemical type of neglected tropical disease. A non filarial elephantiasis caused by irritant particles found in the soil It is a Greek word for “foot” and “dust” Portal of entry; The feet

4. Definition It is a non filarial elephantiasis Of the lymph vessels of the lower extremities Caused by chronic exposure to irritant soil second common cause of tropical lympedema after filariasis Considered to be a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD)

5. Definition cont It is characterised by swellings of the lower extremities which leads to disfigurement and disability

6. Causative agent Originally reported by Ernest Price, a British surgeon It is caused by mineral colloid-sized particles such as: Aluminum, Silicon, Magnesium, Iron in soil.

7. Epidemiology Podoconiosis is one of the NTD At least ten African countries are endemic including N.Uganda , Tanzania, Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi, Ethiopia, Sudan, N/W. Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea Also thought to be present in Central America and North India.

8. Map showing epidemiology of Podo

9. Disease burden  Severe stigma and discrimination disfiguring, and the patient a social outcast Low quality of life in all domain and decreased productivity

10. cont affected people may be excluded from school, denied participation in local meetings, churches and mosques and excluded from marriage with unaffected individuals

11. Work done Many studies have been carried out on podoconiosis A study was carried out in the NW.region of Cameroon and it was found out that 10% of the population are at risk of contracting this disease, and mapping should that NW.region of Cameroon is endemic for podoconiosis . S. Wanji ;   M. Esum ; P. Enyong et al ]

12. PATHOGENESIS Podoconiosis is a non filarial elephantiasis It is caused by the absorption of mineral particles from the soil, through the feet of someone from a susceptible family. This causes the patient's lymphatics to fibrose , and obstruct, and his femoral nodes to enlarge.

13. Clinical manifestations After a long day work on the field Legs are swollen,tense,enlareged and tense lymph nodes and feel burning sensations. Pain increase in the night Patients rarely seek medical attention

14. cont Itchy foot, severe itching between the clefts of toes Scratching leads to thickening of skin Toe swelling starts and leads to upper Level of swelling indicating progression of disease

15. cont Splay foot; widening of the forefoot Separation of the toes which gives the foot a spatula-like appearance Planter edema is assymetrical Mild lymphatic oozing may be seen Attracting flies to it

16. cont Incresed skin markings Block toes, ie lack normal curves Look wooden and rigid As if they were nailed on the foot

17. Diagnosis Differential diagnosis entails excluding other causes of tropical lymphoedema such as filariasis , leprosy and Mycetoma pedis Almost exclusively on the foot and usually asymmetrically bilateral and very rare groin involvement. Blood smears, ELISA ANTIGEN TESTING and radiology can help distinguish it from filariasis and also distinguish it from leprosy by preservation of sensation Epidemiology can also be used as a tool of diagnosis Their edema is most striking and extend more proximally.

18. Treatment Foot hygiene Skin care ; antibiotics ointment and moisturiser,sucks and shoes

19. Treatmennt Use of elastic bandages and elevation and movement Minor surgery, cutting of foot nodules to make wearing shoes easier

20. Benefits of Treatment Eliminate the bad odour   Prevent and heal entry scratch Help patients self-confident Reduce the size of the lymphoedema   prevent disability Prevent economic loss  Make the foot fit for a shoe

21. Prevention and control Primary control ;prevention of contact between foot and mineral in the irritant soil Secondary and tertiary prevention; management of the lymphoedema -related morbidity and include foot hygiene, foot care, wound care, compression, exercises, elevation of the legs and treatment of acute attacks. Aid to stop progress of early disease,

22. Future perspectives Pre-service and in-service training for health professionals and partnerships with local government bodies and other existing NGOs must be encourage A comprehensive regional and national prevalence mapping is necessary to identify endemic areas with high disease burden

23. References S. Wanji ;  N. Tendongfor ;  M. Esum ;  J. N. Che ;  S. Mand ;  C. Tanga Mbi ;  P. Enyong ;  A. Hoerauf Dhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1179/136485908X311849 Kahn JG, Basu S, Boyle C, Hsiang MS, Jamison DT, Smith- Gueye C, et al. Financing elimination. In: Feachem RGA, Phillips AA, Targett GAT, editors. Shrinking the malaria map: a prospectus on malaria elimination. San Francisco: University of California; 2009. pp. 61–80. Davey G, Bockarie M, Wanji S, Addiss D, Fuller C, Fox L, et al. Launch of the international podoconiosis initiative. Lancet. 2012 Mar 17;379(9820):1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016 Deribe K, Brooker SJ, Pullan RL, Sime H, Gebretsadik A, Assefa A, et al. Epidemiology and individual, household and symptoms, and control. Ethiop Med J. 1983 Oct;21(4):243–53

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