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types of poem

1. poem

2. What is sonnet A Sonnet is a type of lyrical poem that has a very rigid organization. It is 14 lines and has a formal rhyming scheme - expressing thoughts and moods that are usually wound to a close with a  couplet  - two lines that have the same rhyme scheme.

3. What is sonnet There are several different types of sonnets - the  Italian Sonnet , the  Spenserian Sonnet,  and the most famous, the  English  or  Shakespearean Sonnet.  Each sonnet style is unique. By far the most widely known sonnet, however, is the English Sonnet, which is the "default" style of sonnet.

4. What is sonnet Each Sonnet is unique because of the rhyming scheme. Most sonnets encountered are going to be  Iambic Pentameter , although a few may use other meters, including but not limited to tetrameter and hexameter (although these are more common with the Italian Sonnet.) 

5. The Italian Sonnet The Italian Sonnet is also called the Petrarch Sonnet. It is distinguished because of the first eight lines, called the  Octave  (from " octo " meaning "eight"). They have the following rhyme scheme:

6. The Italian Sonnet A B B A A B B A The second set of six lines are called a  sestet  (" sest " from "sex" - Latin for "six") and have a myriad of different rhyming sounds. This pattern can be flexible, unlike the Octave which cannot be changed.  C D C D C D C D D C D C C D E C D E C D E C E D C D C E D C Finally, the Italian Sonnet does not, in theory, have a couplet. However, in practice, many poets often give the Italian Sonnet a couplet.

7. The Spenserian Sonnet the Spenserian Sonnet was invented by Edward Spenser and grew from the pattern he used in the  Faery Queen . It has a unique rhyming pattern, and features a viola. A B A B B C B C C D C D E E The A B A B sets up distinctive four-line patterns, each of which is used to develop a separate idea. Unlike the Italian Sonnet, the Spenserian Sonnet makes use of a couplet in both theme and practice, rathern than just in practice.

8. The English Sonnet By far the most flexible of all the sonnets, the English Sonnet is also the most famous. It was made popular by English Playwrite , William Shakespeare. It consists of 3 quatrains of alternating rhyme and a couplet: A B A B C D C D E F E F G G

9. Iambic Pentameter In a line of poetry, an ‘iamb’ is a foot or beat consisting of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable. Or another way to think of it it a short syllable followed by a long syllable. For example, deLIGHT , the SUN, forLORN , one DAY, reLEASE . English is the perfect language for iambus because of the way the stressed and unstressed syllables work.

10. Iambic Pentameter

11. Iambic Pentameter That’s  my  last  Du chess  pain ted  on  the  wall , Look ing  as  if  she  were  al ive . I  call That  piece  a  won der,  now : Frà   Pan dolf’s   hands Worked  bu sil y  a  day , and  there  she  stands… And  seemed  as  they  would  ask  me,  if  they  durst , How  such  a  glance  came  there ; so,  not  the  first Are  you  to  turn  and  ask  thus. Sir,  ’twas  not Her  hus band’s  pre sence  on ly, called  that  spot…

12. Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? A Thou art more lovely and more temperate: B Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, A And summer's lease hath all too short a date: B Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, C And often is his gold complexion dimmed, D And every fair from fair sometime declines, C By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed: D But thy eternal summer shall not fade, E Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st , F Nor shall death brag thou wand'rest in his shade, E When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st , F So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, G So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. G

13. Nor shall death brag thou wand'rest in his shade, E When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st , F So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, G So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. G

14. The English Sonnet Like in the Spenserian, each quatrain develops a different idea. Note that this type of sonnet is also most flexible in terms of the placement of the viola as well - generally speaking, Shakespeare places it around Line 9, as in the Italian Sonnet. Most, if not all, of the sonnets encountered or questions on tests based on sonnets will be English Sonnets.

15. Villanelle Villanelles have even more specific rules than sonnets. Luckily, many of the lines are repetitions, but this means you’ll have to take care to make those lines meaningful .

16. villanelle Villanelle Characteristics and Rules 19 lines 5 stanzas of 3 lines each 1 closing stanza of 4 lines Rhyme scheme: ABA, ABA, ABA, ABA, ABA, ABAA Line 1 repeats in lines 6, 12, and 18 Line 3 repeats in lines 9, 15, and 19

17. villanelle I wake to sleep, and take my waking slow.    I feel my fate in what I cannot fear.    I learn by going where I have to go. We think by feeling. What is there to know?    I hear my being dance from ear to ear.    I wake to sleep, and take my waking slow . Of those so close beside me, which are you?    God bless the Ground!   I shall walk softly there,    And learn by going where I have to go.

18. villanelle Light takes the Tree; but who can tell us how?    The lowly worm climbs up a winding stair;    I wake to sleep, and take my waking slow. Great Nature has another thing to do    To you and me; so take the lively air,    And, lovely, learn by going where to go. This shaking keeps me steady. I should know.    What falls away is always. And is near.    I wake to sleep, and take my waking slow.    I learn by going where I have to go.

19. Ekphrastic Poems Ekphrastic poems don’t really have specific rules, but they do speak of another work of art. Ekphrasis comes from the Greek word for “description,” and that’s exactly what this poem should do: vividly describe a painting, statue, photograph, or story. One famous example is found in the Iliad, where Homer refers to Achilles’ shield.

20. Ekphrastic Poems Ekphrastic By  Rebecca Wolff there are some things up there uptown I want to see I want to see    I'm going to look at that and see I want to go up and see that show. That show I went to see, I went to see .

21. There are some things up there   uptown I want to look at that and see. I'm going to see what I look. What I look at, when I look, vessel, I stood to see. I went to stand to look to see. Venturing further I went outside myself to look at that wall. It fed! There was a box inside that was not blank, I saw it. It was really different from an aura, the thing had colors, the thing was talking to itself. And spoke to me, not incidentally

22. Concrete Poems Concrete poetry is designed to take a particular shape or form on the page. Poets can manipulate spacing or layout to emphasize a theme or important element in the text, or sometimes they can take the literal shape of their subjects.

23. Concrete Poems Example of Concrete Poetry “The Altar” by George Herbert was intended to resemble a church altar: A broken ALTAR, Lord, thy servant rears, Made of a heart and cemented with tears; Whose parts are as thy hand did frame; No workman’s tool hath touch’d the same. A HEART alone Is such a stone, As nothing but Thy pow’r doth cut. Wherefore each part Of my hard heart Meets in this frame To praise thy name. That if I chance to hold my peace, These stones to praise thee may not cease. Oh, let thy blessed SACRIFICE be mine, And sanctify this ALTAR to be thine .

24. As nothing but Thy pow’r doth cut. Wherefore each part Of my hard heart Meets in this frame To praise thy name. That if I chance to hold my peace, These stones to praise thee may not cease. Oh, let thy blessed SACRIFICE be mine, And sanctify this ALTAR to be thine .

25. Epigram Epigrams are short, witty, and often satirical poems that usually take the form of a couplet or quatrain (2-4 lines in length).

26. Example of an Epigram An example of this wit is provided by Samuel Taylor Coleridge: Sir, I admit your general rule, That every poet is a fool, But you yourself may serve to show it, That every fool is not a poet.

27. Epigrams are not exclusive to poetry. They are also commonly used as literary devices and in speeches. John F. Kennedy’s famous quote, “Mankind must put an end to war, or war will put an end to mankind” is one such example.

28. Limerick Limericks are humorous poems that have a more distinct rhythm. Their subject matter is sometimes crude, but always designed to offer laughs.

29. Limerick Limerick Characteristics and Rules • 5 lines • 2 longer lines (usually 7-10 syllables) • 2 shorter lines (usually 5-7 syllables) • 1 closing line to bring the joke home (7-10 syllables) • Rhyme scheme: AABBA

30. Examples of Limericks There once was an old man of Nantucket Who kept all his cash in a bucket His daughter, called Nan, Ran away with a man, And as for the bucket, Nantucket. —Anonymous A wonderful bird is the pelican, His bill can hold more than his beli -can. He can take in his beak Food enough for a week But I’m damned if I see how the heli -can. —Dixon Lanier Merritt

31. Ballad Ballads usually take a narrative form to tell us stories. They are often arranged in quatrains, but the form is loose enough that writers can easily modify it. Ballad Characteristics and Rules • Typically arranged in groups of 4 lines • Rhyme scheme: ABAB or ABCB

32. Ballad Examples of Ballads “Annabel Lee” by Edgar Allan Poe (first two stanzas): It was many and many a year ago, In a kingdom by the sea, That a maiden there lived whom you may know By the name of Annabel Lee; And this maiden she lived with no other thought Than to love and be loved by me. I was a child and she was a child, In this kingdom by the sea, But we loved with a love that was more than love— I and my Annabel Lee— With a love that the wingèd seraphs of Heaven Coveted her and me.

33. And this maiden she lived with no other thought Than to love and be loved by me. I was a child and she was a child, In this kingdom by the sea, But we loved with a love that was more than love— I and my Annabel Lee— With a love that the wingèd seraphs of Heaven Coveted her and me.

34. Epitaph An epitaph is much like an elegy, only shorter. Epitaphs commonly appear on gravestones, but they can also be humorous. There are no specific rules for epitaphs or their rhyme schemes.

35. Epitaph Examples of Epitaphs From William Shakespeare’s gravestone: Good friend for Jesus sake forbeare , To dig the dust enclosed here. Blessed be the man that spares these stones, And cursed be he that moves by bones .

36. Epitaph “Epitaph” by Edna St. Vincent Millay Heap not on this mound Roses that she loved so well: Why bewilder her with roses, That she cannot see or smell? She is happy where she lies With the dust upon her eyes .

37. Ode Odes address a specific person, thing, or event. The ode is believed to have been invented by the ancient Greeks, who would sing their odes. Modern odes follow an irregular pattern and are not required to rhyme.

38. Ode Example of an Ode “Ode to the West Wind” by Percy Bysshe Shelley Scatter, as from an unextinguish’d hearth Ashes and sparks, my words among mankind! Be through my lips to unawaken’d earth The trumpet of a prophecy! O Wind, If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?

39. Free Verse Free verse is exactly what its name implies. There are no rules, and writers can do whatever they choose: to rhyme or not, to establish any rhythm. Free verse is often used in contemporary poetry .

40. Free Verse Example of a Free Verse Poem “A Noiseless Patient Spider” by Walt Whitman A noiseless patient spider, I mark’d where on a little promontory it stood isolated, Mark’d how to explore the vacant vast surrounding, It launch’d forth filament, filament, filament, out of itself, Ever unreeling them, ever tirelessly speeding them. And you O my soul where you stand, Surrounded, detached, in measureless oceans of space, Ceaselessly musing, venturing, throwing, seeking the spheres to connect them, Till the bridge you will need be form’d , till the ductile anchor hold, Till the gossamer thread you fling catch somewhere, O my soul.

41. Change of View Hymn that shines and glow Afar from the land it shows Where flowers grows Where love can flow A numbing lips on his heated breath blows It gleams and glows so enchanting A love we wrote started fading Above the land hope is falling A jar of memories started breaking Cheers we hail a new journey For the old me is finally free.

42. Cheers we hail a new journey For the old me is finally free.

43. Though the body may change the memories will not The first time when you gave my head a pat That hit me with a BANG! Spot That smell that lingers; I can’t forgot I guess nostalgia is killing me alive Like a fire fighting to survive Through the depths of the water I will dive Lips dedicate and continue to thrive