Police Organisation kfjkbasfkbakfbs.pptx

a ppt about police organization structure in india

1. POLICE ORGANIZATION AT CENTRAL & STATE LEVEL

2. Forensic science plays a crucial role in crime prevention and detection Forensic science plays a significant role in the criminal justice system by providing scientifically based information through the analysis of physical evidence, determining the perpetrator's identity through personal clues such as fingerprints, footprints, blood drops or hair, mobile phones, or other gadgets, vehicles, and weapons The Committees on Criminal Justice Reform have underlined that technology in crime detection can help the system run more efficiently CORRECTION COURT POLICE CJS CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM

3. POLICE ORGANIZATION IN INDIA Article 246 of the Constitution of India places the police, public order, courts, prisons, reformatories, borstal and other allied institutions in the State List STATE LIST Includes subjects in respect of which the State legislature has exclusive powers to make laws UNION LIST Union List - includes subjects in respect of which the Parliament has the sole power to make laws. CUNCURRENT LIST Consisting of subjects on which both the Parliament and the State Legislatures have concurrent powers to make laws Understanding the criminal justice system is a prelude to understanding the police. Article 246 of the Constitution distributes the legislative powers between the Parliament and the State Legislative Assemblies. It refers to three lists of subjects given in the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution:

4. The police is a state subject and its organisation and working are governed by rules and regulations framed by the state governments These rules and regulations are outlined in the Police Manuals of the state police forces. Each State/Union Territory has its separate police force. Despite the diversity of police forces, there is a good deal that is common amongst them The structure and working of the State Police Forces are governed by the Police Act of 1861, which is applicable in most parts of the country, or by the State Police Acts modeled mostly on the 1861 legislation. Major criminal laws, like the Indian Penal Code, the Code of Criminal Procedure, the Indian Evidence Act etc are uniformly applicable to almost all parts of the country. The Indian Police Service (IPS) is an All India Service, which is recruited, trained and managed by the Central Government and which provides the bulk of senior officers to the State Police Forces. POLICE The quasi-federal character of the Indian polity, with specific provisions in the Constitution, allows a coordinating and counseling role for the Centre in police matters and even authorizes it to set up certain central police organisations .

5. 3 1 2 4 EVOLUTION OF POLICE In ancient India governance was based on Dharma and Danda .   Dandaneeti i.e., the law of punishing the evil-doer, was an important character of statecraft.   During Mauryan and Gupta periods, policing was undertaken systematically. Kautilya’s ‘ Arthasastra ’ describes the nature of police organisation and their functions. Moghul period saw the growth of Fauzdari System, where Kotwals and Thanedars were controlling law and order. The period of British rule witnessed the emergence of a centralised police force, which enforced a large number of penal laws and also maintained the might and authority of government.

6. DUTIES OF POLICE DUTIES RESPOSIBILITY Obey and execute all orders and warrants lawfully issued by any competent authority; Collect and communicate intelligence affecting the public peace Prevent commission of offences and public nuisances Detect and bring offenders to justice Apprehend all persons whom he is legally authorized to apprehend and for whose apprehension sufficient ground exists. Promote and preserve public order

7. Investigate crimes, apprehend the offenders where appropriate and participate in subsequent legal proceedings connected therewith; Identify problems and situations that are likely to result in commission of crimes; Reduce the opportunities for the commission of crimes through preventive patrol and other prescribed police measures; Aid and co-operate with other relevant agencies in implementing the prescribed measures for prevention of crimes; Aid individuals who are in danger of physical harm Create and maintain a feeling of security in the community Facilitate orderly movement of people and vehicles Counsel and resolve conflicts and promote amity Provide necessary services and afford relief to people in distress situations

8. PROTECTION LOYAL EFFICIENT OBEDIENT THE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE Superintendence over the police force in the state is exercised by the State Government. DGP is responsible to the state government for the administration of the police force in the state and for advising the government on police matters The head of the police force in the state is the Director General of Police The police station is the basic unit of police administration

9. State Zone Range District Sub-division Circle P S A group of districts form a range, which is looked after by an officer of the rank of Deputy Inspector General of Police. Every district is divided into sub-divisions. A sub-division is under the charge of an officer of the rank of ASP/ Dy.S.P . Every sub-division is further divided into a number of police stations, depending on its area, population and volume of crime. Some states have zones comprising two or more ranges, under the charge of an officer of the rank of an Inspector General of Police. The officer in charge of a police station is an Inspector of Police, particularly in cities and metropolitan areas. States are divided territorially into administrative units known as districts. FIELD ESTABLISHMENT

10. Director General of Police (DGP) {In-charge of the State Police Force} Additional Director General of Police (Addl. DGP) Inspector General of Police (IGP) {In-charge of a zone,which comprises few ranges} Deputy Inspector General of Police (Dy. IGP) {In-charge of a range which comprise a group of districts} Senior Superintendent of Police (SSP) {In-charge of the bigger District Superintendent of police (SP) {In-charge of the District} Additional Superintendent of Police (Addl. SP) Assistant/ Deputy Superintendent of Police (ASP/Dy. SP) {In-charge of a Sub-division in the district} Inspector of Police {In-charge of a Police Station} Sub-Inspector of Police (SI) {In-charge of a smaller Police Station} Assistant Sub-Inspector of Police (ASI) {Staff of the Police Station} Police Head Constable (HC) {Staff of the Police Station} Police Constable HIERARCHY

11. POLICE RANKS AND BADGES

12. Criminal Investigation Departments or CIDs, as they are popularly known, are specialized branches of the police force. CRIME INVESTIGATION DEPARTMENT They have two main components - the Crime Branch and the Special Branch The officer in charge of the CID generally supervises the work of both branches, though some states appoint a separate officer in charge of the Special Branch. It investigates certain specialized crimes like counterfeiting of currency, professional cheating, activities of criminal gangs, crimes with interdistrict or inter-state ramifications etc The Special Branch, on the other hand, collects, collates and disseminates intelligence from the security point of view.

13. STATE POLICE FORCE STATE POLICE FORCE ARMED AND CIVIL POLICE ARMED POLICE CIVIL POLICE A state police force has two main components-the civil police and the armed police. The primary function of the civil police is to control crime, while the armed police mainly deal with law and order situations. The civil police include mainly the district police The civil police include mainly the district police forces, supervisory structures at the range, zone and state police headquarters and specialised branches to deal with crime, intelligence and training problems. The armed police is in the form of battalions, which are used as striking reserves to deal with emergency situations

14. STATE ARMED POLICE A state armed police battalion is divided into companies. Generally, there are six service companies in a battalion. A company is further sub-divided into platoons and platoons into sections. Ordinarily, three sections constitute a platoon and three platoons a company

15. Women police now form a part of the police force of all states Some states/cities have experimented with setting up police stations managed and run exclusively by women police personnel. India has 10.3% women in police force WOMEN POLICE Women police are utilised mostly in performing specialized tasks of dealing with women and children. In this context, the National Police Commission (NPC) has stated that women police have not been given an equal share in various areas of police work and recommended that they be more actively and directly involved in police investigations.

16. Policing on the railways is done by the Government Railway Police (GRP) Controlling crime on the railways is their main responsibility. Though the GRP is a part of the state police force, expenditure on this establishment is shared by the State Government and the Railways. An officer of the rank of Addl. DG or IGP supervises the work of GRP. GRP should not be confused with Railway Protection Force (RPF) RAILWAY POLICE

17. CENTRAL POLICE ORGANISATIONS

18. CPMF BPRD CENTRAL POLICE ORGANIZATIONS NSG/SSB The Central Government has established a number of police organisations known as the Central Police Organisations (CPOs). The CPOs, which function under the control of the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India can be broadly divided into following groups Armed police organisations , also known as Central Para-Military Forces (CPMFs), like the Assam Rifles, Border Security Force, Central Industrial Security Force, Central Reserve Police Force, Indo-Tibetan Border Police and the National Security Guards.

19. ASSAM RIFLES Assam Rifles is the oldest of the Central Para Military Forces. Presently, it is headed by a Director General, who is an officer of the rank of Lt. General from the Army. The Assam Rifles Act,1941, presently governs the Force. Maintaining security of the North Eastern sector of the international border Helping states in the North East to maintain law and order and other states as and when needed Taking counter insurgency measures in states of the North East. FUNCTIONS 1835 1917

20. BORDER SECURITY FORCE The 1965 war led the government of India to recognize the need to setup a specialised force to maintain security on the Indo-Pak international border. This led to the establishment of the BSF on December 1, 1965. THE BORDER SECURITY FORCE ACT, 1968 The BSF has a peace as well as war- time role. Peace time To prevent trans-border crimes, unauthorized entry into or exit from the territory of India; To prevent smuggling and related illegal activities; To promote a sense of security amongst the people living in the border areas; and To help civil administration in maintenance of public order. War Time To hold ground in less threatened sectors so long as the main attack does not develop in a particular sector. To protect vital installations against enemy commandos and para-troop raids.

21. The Force is also deployed in States/ Union Territories to help them maintain public order. CENTRAL INDUSTRIAL SECURITY FORCE-CISF The CISF was set up through an Act of Parliament (Central Industrial Force Act, 1968) to provide security to public sector undertakings. It was made an armed force of the Union subsequently in 1983. The concerned public sector undertakings bear the expenses of the CISF personnel deployed for their security.

22. CENTRAL RESERVE POLICE FORCE- CRPF This Force was formed in 1939 and was known at that time as the Crown Representative Police and was utilised to maintain law and order in the then princely states of the central India. The Central Reserve Police Force Act, 1949. Its main role is to help the States/ Union Territories in maintaining law and order . The Sectors have Group Centres under them. Five to seven battalions are attached to each Group Centre. The head of a Group Centre is a Dy. IG. The Force is divided into Sectors, each headed by an Inspector General

23. INDO-TIBETAN BORDER POLICE-ITBP The ITBP was formed in the wake of Chinese aggression in 1962 to police the Indo-Tibetan border covering a vast expanse of 2115 Kms . Indo-Tibetan Border Police Force Act, 1992 The main role of this Force is to maintain vigil on northern borders, detect and prevent border violations, and promote a sense of security among the local populace Check illegal immigration, trans-border smuggling and Crimes, provide security to sensitive installations, banks and protected persons; and restore and preserve order in any area in the event of disturbance The ITBP mans forward border posts at altitudes ranging from 9000 to 18000 feet. While the primary role of the ITBP continues to be that of policing the Indo-Tibetan border, the force is also deployed on internal security duties.

24. NATIONAL SECURITY GUARD-NSG SPECIAL ACTION GROUP (SAG) The two main components of NSG SPECIAL RANGERS GROUP The National Security Guards was established in the aftermath of the ‘Blue Star’ operation in 1984 Established to deal with the problem of terrorism in its various forms, like hostage taking, hijacking of aircraft, kidnapping etc.

25. FORMED 28 AUGUST 1970 Federal agency India Governing body Govt of India Headquarters New Delhi Parent agency Ministry of Home Affairs Divisions 5 BPRD Bureau of Police Research and Development  The Government of India vied Resolution No.8/136/68-P.I ( Pers.I ) dated 28.08.1970 formally established the Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D), under the Ministry of Home Affairs giving a new orientation to then existing Police Research and Advisory Council (1966) for the following reasons and with the primary objective of modernization of police force:   To take direct and active interest in the issues   To promote a speedy and systematic study of the police problems  To apply science and technology in the methods used by police.

26. DEVELOPMENT DIVISION RESEARCH DIVISION BPRD DIVISIONS Analysis and study of crime and problems of general nature affecting the police Assistance of Police Research programmes Participation in social defence and crime prevention programmes Review of the performance of various types of equipment used by the police forces Liaison with the National laboratories, various scientific organisations and institutions and public and private sector undertakings Application of computer technology in various fields of police work

27. TRAINING DIVISION ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION BPRD DIVISIONS All personnel matters of Officers and staff in the HQrs and outlying units; All financial powers/matters being exercised by the Head of the Department are processed in admin division; All accounts/budgets related matters Administrative matters of the Central Detective Training Schools, Chandigarh, Kolkata and Hyderabad; Procurement of equipment and financial sanctions of all the Divisions of BPR&D and outlying units, which are sanctioned under the powers of the Head of Department To supervise the working of three central detective training schools, situated at Chandigarh, Kolkata and Hyderabad. To evaluate training programmes To help devise new refresher, promotion, specialist and orientation courses considered necessary for the different grades and kinds of police officers. To help in the development of libraries in the Central and State Police training institutions

28. 01 03 02 The Central Detective Training Institute, Chandigarh was set up in 1973 There are five CDTI’s in India located at Chandigarh, Hyderabad, Kolkata Jaipur and Ghaziabad functioning under Bureau of Police Research & Development, Ministry of Home Affairs The objective of the CDTI is to provide training to inservice police personal upto the rank of Dy. Ss.P . C D T I CDTI Central Detective Training Institute

29. 01 02 03 CBI The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), functioning under Dept. of Personnel, Ministry of Personnel, Pension & Public Grievances, Government of India, is the premier investigating police agency in India. It is an elite force playing a major role in preservation of values in public life and in ensuring the health of the national economy. It is also the nodal police agency in India, which coordinates investigation on behalf of Interpol Member countries Uphold the Constitution of India and law of the land through in-depth investigation and successful prosecution of offences; to provide leadership and direction to Police Forces and to act as the Nodal Agency for enhancing interstate and international cooperation in law enforcement. Special Police Establishment The Bureau of Investigation traces its origins to the Special Police Establishment (SPE), a Central Government Police force, which was set up in 1941 by the Government of India to investigate bribery and corruption in transactions with the War and Supply Department of India. Established in 1963

30. CBI CBI Based on its motto, mission and the need to develop professionalism, transparency, adaptability to change and use of science and technology in its working, the CBI will focus on: Combating corruption in public life, curb economic and violent crimes through meticulous investigation and prosecution Evolve effective systems and procedures for successful investigation and prosecution of cases in various law courts. Help fight cyber and high technology crime Create a healthy work environment that encourages team-building, free communication and mutual trust Play a lead role in the war against national and transnational organized crime Uphold Human Rights, protect the environment, arts, antiques and heritage of our civilization

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32. INTERPOL INTERPOL INTERPOL INTERPOL International Criminal Police Organization Inter-governmental organization.  Have 195 member countries , and help police in all of them to work together to make the world a safer place. To do this, we enable them to share and access data on crimes and criminals, and we offer a range of technical and operational support INTERPOL

33. WHO MAKES UP INTERPOL? The  General secretariat  coordinates the day-to-day activities to fight a range of crimes. In each country, an INTERPOL-National Central Bureau (NCB)  provides the central point of contact for the General Secretariat and other NCBs Run by the  Secretary General , it is staffed by both police and civilians and comprises a headquarters in Lyon, a global complex for innovation in Singapore and several satellite offices in different regions.

34. ROLE OF INTERPOL

35. HISTORY 1914 - First International Criminal Police Congress held in Monaco. Police officers, lawyers and magistrates from 14 countries meet to discuss arrest procedures, identification techniques, centralized international criminal records and extradition proceedings. 1923 - Creation of the International Criminal Police Commission (ICPC) with headquarters in Vienna, Austria, on the initiative of Dr Johannes Schober , resident of the Vienna Police. 109

36. INTERPOL World’s largest International Police Organization (ICPO) 195 member countries General Secretariat (IPSG) in Lyon, France. Four official languages: Arabic; English; French; and Spanish One National Central Bureau (NCB) in each member country 110

37. INTERPOL - DATABASE NOMINAL DATA STOLEN MOTOR VEHICLES WANTED DNA PASSPORTS FINGERPRINTS 111

38. NCB – INDIA- HISTORY India became a member of Interpol in 1949 The work of NCB-India is looked after by Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) since 17-10-1966. Earlier it was with Intelligence Bureau, Ministry of Home Affairs. Director CBI is the ex-officio Head of NCB-India. 112

39. RED NOTICES BLUE NOTICES YELLOW NOTICES GREEN NOTICES ORANGE NOTICES BLACK NOTICES PURPLE NOTICES UN INTERPOL SPECIAL NOTICES SILVER NOTICE INTERPOL NOTICES 113

40. Red Notice To seek the arrest or provisional arrest of wanted persons with a view to extradition Red Notices are published at the request of NCB or an International Entity with powers of investigation and prosecution in criminal matters. Purpose of Red Notice is to seek the location of a wanted person and his/her detention, arrest or restriction of moment for the purpose of extradition, surrender or similar lawful action. OBJECTIVES OF INTERPOL NOTICES 114

41. IO of CLEAs * Investigation Officer ALERT messages to all member Countries Does it meet Interpol criteria End INTERPOL Liaison Officer (ILOs) NCB - INDIA Diffusion One or all INTERPOL member countries INTERPOL headquarters Lyons, France No No Yes PROCESS FOR CREATING A RED NOTICE * CLEAs : Central Law Enforcement Agencies 115

42. OFFENCES FOR WHICH RED NOTICE NOT ISSUED First Category: Prostitution Second Category – Offences related to family / private matters Adultery, Bigamy / Polygamy, Homosexual Acts Leaving home without parental permission Dowry related cases Abortion, Euthanasia Third Category : CHEQUE BOUNCE (<$50,000) 116

43. Blue Notice To collect additional information, to locate, or to identify a person of interest in a criminal investigation. The subject of this Notice can be a convict/ charged, a suspect , witness or a victim. OBJECTIVES OF INTERPOL NOTICES 117

44. OBJECTIVES OF INTERPOL NOTICES CONTD.. Yellow Notice To help locate missing persons, often minors, or to help identify persons who are unable to identify themselves. Green Notice To provide warnings and criminal intelligence about person who have committed criminal offences and are likely to repeat these crimes in other countries 118

45. Black Notice To seek information on unidentified bodies. Orange Notice Orange notices are published to warn of an event, a person, an object, a process or a modus operandi representing an imminent threat to public safety and likely to cause serious damage to property or injury to persons. Silver Notice Recently introduced – for identification of criminal proceeds OBJECTIVES OF INTERPOL NOTICES CONTD.. 119

46. Purple Notice To provide information on modus operandi, procedures, objects devices and hiding places used by criminals . Interpol – United Nations Special Notice INTERPOL-United Nations Security Council Special Notices are published in order to inform INTERPOL’s Members that an individual or an entity is subject to UN Security Council Sanctions. OBJECTIVES OF INTERPOL NOTICES

47. National Central Bureau - India INTERPOL Other National Central Bureaus Foreign   Law Enforcement Agencies India’s   Law Enforcement Agencies         Central States OVERVIEW OF THE INTERPOL DATA FLOW PROCESS 121