police traiing for invistigation the frist information .pptx

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1. concept of Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV) refers to any harmful act perpetrated against a person’s will that is based on gender differences and power inequalities. It encompasses a range of human rights violations, including sexual abuse, exploitation, forced marriage, and domestic violence, among others. Here’s an overview to help understand SGBV better CONCEPT OF SEXUAL AND GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE (SGBV)

2. TYPES OF SGBV   1. Sexual Violence Rape Non-consensual penetration, however slight, of the vagina, anus, or mouth. Sexual Assault : Any sexual act committed against someone without their consent. Sexual Harassment: Unwanted sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature.  2.Gender-Based Violence Domestic Violence: Physical, sexual, or psychological harm by a current or former partner or spouse. Forced Marriage: conducted without the full and free consent of both parties. Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C): Non-medical procedures that involve the partial or total removal of female genitalia.  

3. 3. Exploitation and Abuse Human Trafficking : Recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring, or receipt of persons by means of threat or use of force for the purpose of exploitation. Sexual Exploitation : Taking advantage of an individual’s vulnerability to exploit them sexually.

4.   Power Imbalances: Often rooted in patriarchal systems where power dynamics favor men over women. Cultural Norms and Practices: Cultural beliefs that normalize violence against women and girls. Economic Inequality: Financial dependency can trap victims in abusive situations. Conflict and Displacement: Increased vulnerability due to lack of protection and legal frameworks during crises.   Causes and Contributing Factors

5. Physical Health: Injuries, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), unwanted pregnancies. Mental Health: Trauma, depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Social Consequences: Stigmatization, isolation, and breakdown of family and community structures. Economic Impact: Loss of income, increased healthcare costs, and reduced productivity. IMPACT OF SGBV

6.  1. Legal Frameworks: Strengthening laws and policies to protect victims and prosecute perpetrators. 2. Support Services: Providing medical care, psychological support, legal aid, and safe spaces for survivors. 3. Education and Awareness: Raising awareness about SGBV and promoting gender equality. 4. Community Engagement: Involving community leaders and members in prevention efforts. 5. Data Collection and Research: Gathering data to understand the prevalence and impact of SGBV to inform policy and interventions. PREVENTION AND RESPONSE

7.   Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) Istanbul Convention (Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence). United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security . Somaliland penal Code. Draft Rape Act. Islamic Sharia Law KEY INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTS

8. Legal Framework A robust legal framework is essential for addressing Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV). It involves national laws, international treaties, and policies designed to prevent SGBV, protect survivors, and prosecute perpetrators. Here's an overview of the key components of an effective legal framework for SGBV:   International Instruments  1. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)** Adopted in 1979 by the UN General Assembly, CEDAW is often described as an international bill of rights for women. It defines what constitutes discrimination against women and sets up an agenda for national action to end such discrimination.  2. Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action** Adopted in 1995 at the Fourth World Conference on Women, this declaration aims to advance women’s rights and outlines strategies for addressing SGBV. 3. Somaliland penal Code. 4. Draft Rape Act. 5. Islamic Sharia Law

9. 3. Istanbul Convention The Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence, also known as the Istanbul Convention, is a comprehensive legal framework to protect women against all forms of violence and prevent, prosecute, and eliminate violence against women and domestic violence.   4 . UN Security Council Resolutions on Women, Peace, and Security (e.g., Resolution 1325) These resolutions address the impact of war on women and the importance of women’s contributions to conflict resolution and sustainable peace.

10. National Legal Frameworks  1. Constitutional Protections Constitutions should enshrine gender equality and protection from SGBV, ensuring that all citizens have the right to live free from violence and discrimination.   2. Specific Legislation Domestic Violence Laws: Laws that specifically address domestic violence, providing protection orders and criminalizing abusive behavior. Sexual Offenses Acts: Laws that define and criminalize various forms of sexual violence, including rape, sexual assault, and harassment. Anti-Trafficking Laws: Legislation to combat human trafficking, including sexual exploitation. Child Protection Laws: Laws aimed at protecting minors from sexual abuse and exploitation, including child marriage and FGM/C.

11. Policy and Institutional Framework   1.National Action Plans - Governments should develop and implement national action plans to combat SGBV, which include preventive measures, protection for victims, and prosecution of offenders.   2. Inter-agency Coordination - Effective response to SGBV requires coordination between various agencies, including police, health services, social services, and the judiciary.  3. Public Awareness and Education Campaigns - Raising awareness about SGBV and educating the public about their rights and the services available to them.   4. Data Collection and Research - Collecting and analyzing data on SGBV to inform policy and program development.

12. Challenges in Implementing Legal Frameworks   1. Cultural and Social Barriers Deep-seated cultural norms and practices that perpetuate gender inequality and SGBV. 2. Resource Limitations Lack of financial and human resources to effectively implement and enforce laws.  3. Access to Justice Barriers that prevent survivors from accessing legal services, such as stigma, fear of retribution, and lack of awareness about their rights.   4. Coordination and Cooperation Ensuring effective coordination among various stakeholders and agencies involved in addressing SGBV.

13. Support Services   1. Psychological Support Provide access to counseling and mental health services to address trauma and emotional distress.  2. Social Support Connect the survivor with social services, including shelter, financial assistance, and support groups.

14. Challenges in Investigation and Evidence Collection  1 . Underreporting Many survivors do not report SGBV due to fear, stigma, or lack of trust in the justice system.   2. Evidence Deterioration Delay in reporting can lead to the loss or deterioration of physical evidence.   3. Cultural Barriers Cultural norms and societal attitudes may hinder the investigation process and the willingness of witnesses to come forward.  4. Resource Limitations Lack of trained personnel, forensic facilities, and technological resources can impede effective investigation.

15. Best Practices  1 . Training for Law Enforcement Provide specialized training for police officers, forensic experts, and investigators on handling SGBV cases.  2 . Multi-Disciplinary Approach Collaborate with healthcare providers, social workers, legal professionals, and community organizations to provide comprehensive support to survivors.   3. Community Engagement Raise awareness and educate communities about SGBV and the importance of reporting and cooperation in investigations.   4. Use of Technology Utilize technological tools for evidence collection, data management, and communication with survivors and witnesses.

16. Victim-Centered Approach A victim-centered approach to addressing Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV) prioritizes the safety, rights, and needs of survivors in all actions and responses. This approach ensures that victims are treated with dignity and respect, their choices are honored, and they are empowered throughout the process. Here are the key elements of a victim-centered approach: Key Principles   1. Safety and Security Immediate Protection : Ensuring the survivor’s immediate safety, which may include providing safe shelter or relocation. Risk Assessment: Continuously assessing and addressing potential risks to the survivor.   2. Confidentiality and Privacy Data Protection: Safeguarding the survivor’s personal information to prevent further harm. Discreet Handling: Ensuring that all interactions and communications about the survivor’s case are handled discreetly.

17. 3. Respect and Dignity Non-judgmental Support: Providing services without judgment, bias, or discrimination. Empowerment: Supporting survivors in making their own decisions about the services they receive and the legal actions they pursue.  4 . Informed Consent Clear Communication: Ensuring that survivors understand their options and the implications of their choices. Voluntary Participation: Obtaining explicit consent before proceeding with any action or intervention.  5. Holistic Care Comprehensive Services: Offering medical, psychological, legal, and social support. Integrated Approach: Coordinating services across different sectors to provide seamless support.

18. Initial Response  1. Immediate Safety and Medical Attention Ensure the survivor’s immediate safety. Provide medical care, including forensic examination, to document injuries and collect biological evidence. 2. First Response by Law Enforcement Respond promptly and professionally to the survivor’s report. Secure the crime scene to preserve evidence.

19. Investigation and Evidence Collection Investigation and evidence collection are critical components in addressing Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV). Proper handling of these processes ensures that perpetrators are held accountable and survivors receive justice. Here’s a detailed overview of how investigations and evidence collection should be conducted in SGBV cases:   Key Principles  1. Victim-Centered Approach Prioritize the safety, privacy, and dignity of the survivor. Obtain informed consent before proceeding with any investigative step.   2. Confidentiality Maintain the confidentiality of the survivor’s identity and case details to protect them from further harm and stigma.   3. Sensitivity and Respect Handle all interactions with the survivor with sensitivity and respect. Avoid re-traumatization by minimizing repetitive questioning and providing psychological support.  

20. INVESTIGATION PROCESS  1. Survivor Interview Conduct the interview in a private and comfortable setting. Use trauma-informed interviewing techniques. Allow the survivor to have a support person present if they wish.  2. Evidence Collection** Forensic Medical Examination: Conducted by trained medical professionals to collect biological evidence (e.g., DNA, blood, semen). Physical Evidence: Collect items such as clothing, bedding, and any other objects related to the incident. Digital Evidence: Secure electronic devices and communication records (e.g., text messages, emails, social media interactions).

21. 3. Scene Investigation Document the crime scene with photographs and sketches. Collect physical evidence from the scene, such as fingerprints, fibers, and other trace materials.  4. Witness Interviews Identify and interview potential witnesses. Collect corroborative statements to support the survivor’s account.  5. Suspect Interrogation Conduct the interrogation in accordance with legal procedures and respect the rights of the accused. Gather any admissions or inconsistencies in the suspect’s account.

22.   1. **Detailed Reporting** Maintain comprehensive and detailed reports of all investigative actions and findings. Include medical reports, forensic analysis, interview transcripts, and crime scene documentation.  2. Chain of Custody Ensure a clear chain of custody for all collected evidence to maintain its integrity and admissibility in court.   DOCUMENTATION

23. STRATEGIES FOR EFFECTIVE COLLABORATION  1. Multi-Disciplinary Teams (MDTs) Structure: Form teams consisting of representatives from law enforcement, healthcare, social services, legal aid, and NGOs. Function: Regularly meet to discuss cases, coordinate responses, and develop joint action plans.  2. Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) Purpose: Formalize collaboration agreements between agencies. Content: Define roles, responsibilities, and procedures for cooperation.  3. Integrated Service Centers Concept: Establish centers where survivors can access multiple services in one location. Benefit: Streamlines support and reduces the burden on survivors to seek help from multiple sources.

24. 4. Information Sharing Protocols Importance : Facilitate the secure and confidential exchange of information between agencies. Implementation: Develop guidelines for data protection and consent-based information sharing.  5 . Joint Training Programs Objective: Enhance understanding and coordination among different agencies. Topics : Trauma-informed care, legal rights of survivors, evidence collection, and cultural competency.  6. Public Awareness Campaigns Collaboration: Agencies work together to educate the public about SGBV, available services, and how to seek help. Methods: Use media, community events, and educational materials to reach diverse audiences.

25. CULTURAL SENSITIVITY AND BIAS AWARENESS Cultural sensitivity and bias awareness are crucial components in addressing Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV). Understanding and respecting the cultural contexts in which survivors live can improve the effectiveness of support services and interventions, while awareness of biases can help ensure that all survivors receive fair and equitable treatment. Here’s how to incorporate cultural sensitivity and bias awareness into SGBV responses:   Key Principles  1. Respect for Cultural Differences Recognize and respect the diverse cultural backgrounds of survivors. Understand that cultural beliefs and practices can significantly influence how survivors perceive and respond to SGBV.  

26. 2 . Awareness of Personal Bias Identify and acknowledge personal biases and prejudices that may affect interactions with survivors. Commit to ongoing self-reflection and learning to mitigate the impact of these biases.  3. Inclusion and Equity Ensure that services are accessible and inclusive to all survivors, regardless of their cultural background, ethnicity, religion, gender identity, or sexual orientation. Promote equity in all aspects of service delivery and support.

27. Strategies for Cultural Sensitivity   1. Cultural Competency Training Provide regular training for all staff on cultural competency and sensitivity. Topics should include understanding cultural norms, communication styles, and the impact of cultural beliefs on SGBV.   2. Engage with Cultural Leaders and Communities Work with community leaders and cultural representatives to gain insights into cultural practices and norms. Involve them in designing and implementing SGBV programs to ensure cultural relevance and acceptance.

28. 3. Culturally Appropriate Services Tailor services to meet the cultural needs of different communities. Ensure that materials, such as information brochures and counseling resources, are available in multiple languages and culturally appropriate formats. 4. Flexible Support Options Offer a range of support options that respect cultural preferences, such as gender-specific support groups or alternative healing practices.

29. Crisis Intervention and De-escalation Crisis intervention and de-escalation are critical components in responding to Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV). These techniques help ensure the immediate safety of survivors, stabilize the situation, and provide the necessary support to address the immediate and longer-term impacts of the crisis. Here's a detailed guide on crisis intervention and de-escalation in SGBV cases:  Key Principles   1. Safety First Prioritize the physical and emotional safety of the survivor and others involved. Create a safe environment where the survivor feels protected and supported.

30. 2. Empathy and Compassion Approach the survivor with empathy, compassion, and a non-judgmental attitude. Validate their feelings and experiences. 3. Calm and Controlled Approach Maintain a calm and controlled demeanor to help de-escalate the situation. Use a soothing tone of voice and avoid confrontational body language.

31. Crisis Intervention Strategies   1. Immediate Response Assess the Situation : Quickly assess the severity of the crisis and identify immediate risks. Ensure Safety : Remove the survivor from immediate danger and secure the environment. Medical Attention Provide or facilitate immediate medical care if needed.   2. Establishing Rapport Introduce Yourself : Clearly identify yourself and your role. Build Trust : Use active listening and show genuine concern to build trust with the survivor. Ensure Confidentiality : Reassure the survivor that their information will be kept confidential.

32. 3. Active Listening Listen Attentively: Give the survivor your full attention and listen without interrupting. Reflect and Clarify : Reflect back what the survivor says and ask clarifying questions to ensure understanding. Validate Feelings : Acknowledge the survivor’s emotions and validate their experiences.   4. Providing Information and Support Explain Options: Clearly explain the available options and resources to the survivor. Empower Decision-Making: Empower the survivor to make their own decisions about the next steps. Connect to Services : Provide information about support services, such as shelters, counseling, and legal aid.

33. De-escalation Techniques   1. Calm Communication Use Simple Language: Communicate in a clear, concise, and simple manner. Reassure and Calm: Reassure the survivor that they are safe and that help is available. Avoid Arguments: Do not argue or challenge the survivor’s account of events.   2. Non-Verbal Communication Body Language: Use open and non-threatening body language. Eye Contact: Maintain appropriate eye contact to show attentiveness and concern. Personal Space: Respect the survivor’s personal space and avoid crowding them.

34. 3. Grounding Techniques Breathing Exercises : Guide the survivor through deep breathing exercises to help reduce anxiety. Grounding Activities: Encourage grounding activities, such as focusing on physical sensations or describing the environment.