Poliomyelitis

Polio

1. TEERTHANKER MAHAVEERCOLLEGE OF NURSING, TMU Poliomyelitis Presented by Cindrella Burge Msc nursing 1 st year Dept. of Medical surgical nursing

2. Also called polio, infantile paralysis. Poliomyelitis is a highly infectious disease caused by polio virus I, II, III. This is a disease of digestive tract but since it can cause paralysis and deformity. INTRODUCTION

3. Usually attacks the children below 5 years. Infection increases in dirty, overcrowded place, where personal health is neglected. Polio virus remains in the throat secretions, stools of infected persons which can infect water, milk, food, & other substances. Epidemiology factors

4. Transmission- through fecal-oral contamination, or through droplets; flies play an important role in spreading the disease. Can occur more in rainy season.

5. Caused by polio virus Colonizes in the gastrointestinal tract ( specifically) in intestine Spread through fecal-oral route, Oral-oral route, Intake of contaminated food/ water Causes

6. Polio virus

7. TYPES OF POLIO

8. Obortive polio Type of polio that doesn’t lead to paralysis Symptoms last up to 10 days Like fever, sore throat, headache, vomiting, fatigue, backache, neck pain, stiffness, pain/ stiffness in the legs, muscle weakness or tenderness. Non-paralytic polio

9. Main symptoms are- loss of reflexes Severe muscle aches or weakness Loose limbs Paralytic polio

10. Disabling signs and symptoms that affect some people years after having polio Like- progressive muscle/joint weakness pain, fatigue, breathing problems, swallowing problems, decreased tolerance of cold temperature Post- polio syndrome

11. 7 – 14 days Incubation period

12. Fever, Headache Fatigue Restlessness Vomiting diarrhea Cough/ cold Clinical manifestation

13. Paralysis in Lower extremities (most common) Face Esophagus

14. Muscular weakness Stiffness & pain in the neck, back and lower part of body Warning signs of paralysis

15. Polio is caused by a virus called polio virus Pathophysiology

16. Detected by signs and symptoms Physical examination Diagnostic test

17. Permanent deformity, paralysis, handicaps If Respiratory muscles are paralyzed, death can also occur. Complications

18. Management

19. Due to unavailability of any cure till date, vaccination is the best way of protection and the only way to control the spread of disease. There are 2 types of vaccines oral polio vaccine ( OPV ) and inactivated polio vaccine ( IPV ).

20. ORAL POLIO VACCINE OPV INACTIVATED POLIO VACCINE IPV Albert sabin develop sabin vaccine Jonas salk developed salk vaccine Live, attenuated (weakened) virus Killed virus Administered by drops Administered by injection Highly successful in reducing transmission in developing countries as part of eradication strategy Highly effective and safe; Used in developed countries Inexpensive Expensive COMPARISON

21. Easy to administer Requires trained health care worker Provides humoral , mucosal and gut immunity Provides humoral immunity Prevents paralysis and prevents re-infection Prevents paralysis but does not prevent re-infection Dose = 2 drops Dose = 0.5 ml Recommended storage temperature= -15 ֯ C to -25 ֯ C Storage temperature= +2 ֯ C to +8 ֯ C

22. Is a system of storing and transporting vaccine at the recommended temperature range from the point of manufacture to point of use. Cold chain

23. Vaccine vial monitor

24. Analgesics Fluid therapy Bed rest Adequate diet– low in fat, contains adequate protein and other nutrients Minimal exercise Hot packs for muscle pain Prolong rehabilitation– corrective shoes Other Management

25. Is an immunization campaign Established by the government of India in 1995 Aim- to eliminate poliomyelitis in India by monitoring polio cases, vaccinating under 5 years children against polio virus through a large scale. Pulse polio

26. Vaccination against polio started with expanded programme on immunization in 1978 Universal immunization programme was launched to cover all districts of the country in 1985 UIP become a part of child survival and safe motherhood program in 1992 UIP become part of reproductive and child health program in 1997 Last report of wild polio case in India were in west Bengal and Gujarat on 13 January 2011 WHO declared India a polio free country on 27 march 2014

27. Polio is a contagious viral illness that in its most severe form causes nerve injury leading to paralysis, difficulty breathing and sometimes death. This disease result in the destruction of motor neurons caused by the polio virus. Conclusion

28. THANK YOU