Pollen allergy

Pollen allergy, causes, mechanism, treatment, medication, preventation, conclusion.

1. POLLEN AND ALLERGY PRESENTED BY RAJARSHI KONER VIDYASAGAR UNIVERSITY UNDER GUIDE BY DR. PRAKASH KARMAKAR

2. WHAT IS POLLEN Pollens are tiny microscopic particles present in the air, liberated from the plants due to pollination purposes .

3. WHAT IS ALLERGY? An allergy is an immune system response to a foreign substance that’s not typically harmful to your body. The term allergy was first coined on july 24,1906 by Clemens Von Pirquet,a pediatrician from Vienna . Clemens von pirquet

4. POLLEN AS ALLERGEN

5. WHY POLLEN GRAINS CAUSE ALLERGY? When pollen grains develop within the anther tapetum during pollen wall formation, some protein factors get deposited in the intra- tapetal chamber. proteins are highly soluble in water, quite liable in nature and get released immediately when they are logged on the stigmatic surface of flower or nasal mucosa or conjunctive of human beings and causes allergy.

6. Ambrosia psilostachya L. Lolium perenne L LIST OF PLANT CAUSING POLLEN ALLERGY Betula papyrifera L . Chenopodium album L . Morus rubra L . Cannabis sativa L.

7. Prevalence of pollen alle r gy (hay fever) – global and regional – Cen t re Hay fe v er (ov er t he l ast 1 5 years ) % Chan g e per year ( %) Af r ic a ( En g li sh speak in g ) 29 .5 0.39 Af r ic a ( F re nc h speak in g ) 21 .4 - 0. 26 A s ia - P a cific 2 3.9 0. 24 E as t ern M e dit erra n ean 2 0.1 0. 66 I ndi an s u b- contin e nt 1 5.8 0.74 La ti n Am er ic a 2 3.7 1 .03 N o r t h Am er ica 3 3.3 - 1 . 1 2 N o r th ern & E as t ern Eu r o pe 12 .3 0. 1 9 Oc ea ni a 3 9 .8 0. 48 W es t ern Eu r o pe 21 .2 0. 31 G lob a l tot a l 22 .1 .3 Repo r te d ha y feve r i n 13 - to 14-yr-ol d childre n fo r eac h centr e b y regio n par ticipatin g bot h i n ISAA C Phas e I an d Phas e III.

8. IMMUNE SYSTEM Adenoids Blood vessels Bone marrow Lymph nodes Lymphatic vessels Peyer's patches. Spleen. Thymus.

9. COMPONENTS OF ALLERGIC REACTIONS Immunoglobuin E( IgE ) Fig:- Immunoglobuin E ( IgE ) The concentration of IgE is the lowest in blood serum (about 0.002%) It is responsible for hypersensitive reaction or allergy IgE bound to basophiles and mast cells where it mediate the release of histamine that cause immediate type of hyper sensitivity

10. B cell: B lymphocyte producing cell originate from bone marrow In mammals B-cells mature within the bone marrow and released from there enter into lymph gland Encounter by specific antigen, B-cells get activated into memory & plasma cell T-cell: When B-cell released from bone marrow it migrate to thymus gland, hence known as T-cells. It represents 70-80% of total lymphocytes

11. Mast cells: Mast cells precursor are formed on the bone marrow. Mast cell release the mediator that cause the patho -physiology of the immediate and late phase of atopic disease. Basophils : Basophils are phagocytic motile, polymorohonuclear granulocyte found in differentiate form. Basophils granules contain heparin and histamine that cause constuction of smooth muscles and endothelial cells.

12. Hypersensitivity-I Immunoglobuin E(IgE) Mediated Fig:-Immunoglobuin E (IgE) The concentration of IgE is the lowest in blood serum (about 0.002%) It is responsible for hypersensitive reaction or allergy IgE bound to basophiles and mast cells where it mediate the release of histamine that cause immediate type of hyper sensitivity

13. MECHANISM OF ALLERGIC REACTION It occurs in two phases Sensitization phase Effector phase

14. MECHANISM OF ALLERGY IN DIAGRAM Fig:- Mechanism of allergy

15. Itching nose Watery eyes Running nose headache Swelling of eyes SYMPTOMS OF POLLEN ALLERGY

16. DIAGNOSIS Skin Prick test: With skin prick test, a health care doctor uses a needle to place a tiny amount of pollen extract just bellow the surface of the skin on the lower arm or back if the patient is allergy there will be swelling or redness at the test side Radio allergy sorbent test(RAST ): This is specific IgE blood testing This is the alter test of skin test.

17. Antihistamines: Ioratadine (Zyrtec) Diphenhydramine(Benadryl) Decongestants: Pseudoephedrine(Sudafed) Oxymetazoline(Afrin nasal spray) MEDICATION

18. Immunotherapy Allergy shots:- A treatment program, which can take three to five years, consists of injection of a diluted allergy extract Allergy shots alter the body's immune response to allergens. Sublingual tablets:- Patients dissolve a tablet under the tongue daily

19. PREVENTION Limit outdoor activities when pollen counts are high. Keep windows closed during pollen season. Start taking allergy medicine before pollen season begins Bath & shampoo hair before going to bed. Keep house and lawn clean. Avoid allergenic sources.

20. CONCLUSION The pollens are tiny, microscopic particle present in the air dispersed from the plant, and its show diversification of shape, size and colour. So these all about good fact of pollen. The bad fact of the pollen that it causes allergy to human body. But all the plant not causing allergy, some notorious plant mainly causing allergy, such as-Ragweed pollen. When we know that these plants are harmful to our body, then we take various preventive majors. If the allergic symptoms appears then we straight go clinic to diagnosis to find out specific allergen. Various awareness program is held on institution to spread out the knowledge about pollen allergy.

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