Pollution (DEFINITION, CAUSE,EFFECT AND PREVENTION/CONTROL MEASURES)

I am public health student in Arbaminch university which is one the poiner universities in Ethiopia
so I posed some research on m field of learning and afforded it for you also because i think you will also encounter some of this kind works in your study. thank you.

1. POLLUTION BY AMSALU ASNAKE PULIC HEALTH OFFICER (AMU) student Email; [email protected] Phone ;[phone]

2. Outline Definition of pollution Consequences of pollution Cause/contributing factors for pollution Prevention/control measures of pollution

3. Pollution What is pollution?

4. Pollution… Pollution is a negative change in the environment, usually the addition of something hazardous or detrimental It is undesirable state of the natural environment being contaminated with harmful substances as a consequence of human activities . Pollution is the contamination of the air, water, or earth by harmful or potentially harmful substances.

5. Pollution… There are several types of Pollution some of those are:, Air Pollution Water Pollution Noise Pollution Land Pollution Radio Active Pollution

6. AIR POLUTION

7. Definitions Air pollution is contamination of the indoor or outdoor environment by any chemical, physical or biological agent that modifies the natural characteristics of the atmosphere It is the introduction of chemicals , particulate matter, or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or cause damage to the natural environment or built environment, into the atmosphere

8. Cause/Contributing Factors for Air Pollution Carbon dioxide -this happens because of Deforestation and fossil fuel burning. Sulfur dioxide –Due to the burning of sulfur containing compounds of fossil fuels. Sulfur oxides-very dangerous to humans at a high concentration Sulfur in the atmosphere is responsible for acid rain. Major sources of Air Pollution Industries Automobiles and Domestic fuels High Proportion of undesirable gases, such as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide

9. Consequences of Air Pollution Human health Nitrogen Oxides ( NOx ): Nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) NO2 irritates lung tissue , causes bronchitis and pneumonia, and reduces resistance to respiratory infections Carbon Monoxide (CO) Displaces oxygen in red blood cells , which reduces the amount of oxygen that human cells need for respiration. Exposure to CO can result in fatigue, angina, reduced visual perception, reduced dexterity, and death . Extremely deadly in an enclosed space, such as a garage or bedroom

10. Consequences of Air Pollution Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Reduces respiratory volume, and increases breathing resistance in those exposed, especially asthmatics. Increases nasal airway resistance. CO2 in atmosphere --GLOBALWARMING Animals Plants The atmosphere as a whole

11. Prevention/Control Measures of air pollution Maintaining a healthy distance between the industrial and residential areas. The chimneys should be constructed tall in size so that the emissions must be released higher up in the environment The sulphur must be removed after burning. The gasoline must have anti knocking agents. The mining area should be planted with trees. The coal fuel should be replaced with gas fuel to control the air pollution. The automobiles must be designed with emission control system

12. Prevention/Control Measures of air pollution The wastes must be removed and recycled in the industrial plants and refineries. Timely servicing of the car helps to keep it in a good condition, and also minimizes fuel exhaustion. Using public transportation helps to prevent the air pollution Using alternative energy sources like solar energy, hydroelectric energy, and wind energy

13. WATER POLLUTION

14. Definitions Water Pollution can be defined as alteration in physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of water through natural or human activities and making it unsuitable for its designated use. It is the contamination of water bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and groundwater). It occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into wate r bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds.

15. Cause/contributing factors for Water Pollution Water Pollution is caused by organic and inorganic industrial wastes and effluents discharged into rivers. Most of Water Pollution is manmade. It may also occur naturally by addition of soil particles through erosion animal wastes and leaching of minerals from rocks. Petroleum hydrocarbons , Plastics, Pesticides , Heavy metals , Sewage, Radioactive waste Thermal effluents Detergents, Chloroform, Food processing waste, (fats and grease), Insecticides and herbicides. Petroleum hydrocarbons, (gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuels, and fuel oil).

16. Cause/contributing factors for Water Pollution… From storm water runoff. Disease causing agents – bacteria, viruses, protozoa and parasitic worms enter water from domestic sewage and untreated human and animal wastes. Oxygen depleting wastes- large populations of bacteria use up the oxygen present in water to degrade wastes.

17. Consequences of water pollution Diseases: In humans, drinking or consuming polluted water in any way has many disastrous effects on our health. It causes typhoid, cholera, hepatitis and various other diseases Destruction of Ecosystems Eutrophication Affects the food chain :

18. Prevention/Control Measure of water pollution Conserve water by turning off the tap. Mind what you throw down your sink or toilet. Don’t throw paints and oils in water channels. Use environment friendly household products, such as washing powder, household cleaning agents etc. Take great care not to overuse pesticides and fertilizers.

19. Prevention/Control Measure of water pollution Don’t throw litter into rivers, lakes or oceans. Help clean up any litter you see on beaches or in rivers and lakes, make sure it is safe to collect the litter and put it in a nearby dustbin. Rivers should not be used for washing clothes or bathing animals in. In sacred river like Ganga the dead bodies shouldn’t thrown.

20. NOISE POLLUTION

21. Definitions Noise can be simply defined as unwanted sound or unpleasant sound. The sound is pleasant or not depends upon its loudness, duration, rhythm upon its loudness, and the mood of the person. . Noise pollution is displeasing or excessive noise that may disrupt the activity or balance of human or animal life.

22. Cause/contributing factors for Noise Pollution Traffic Noise such as scary and rattling Motor vehicles. Air craft Noise Noise from construction and civil engineering works. Noise from the Industries. Poor urban planning. Noise from other sources

23. Consequences of Noise Pollution Noise pollution affects both health and behavior. Unwanted sound (noise) can damage psychological health. Noise pollution can cause Annoyance Aggression. Hypertension. High stress level s. Sleep disturbances, and other harmful effects

24. Prevention/Control Measure of Noise Pollution The Government should ensure the new machines that should be noise proof. Air ports must be away from residential area. The Sound horn symbol is to be in School Roads. We need to talk sweetly to others. Talk Less Work More. Sound affects our ears so loud noise should be avoided

25. LAND POLLUTION

26. Definitions Land pollution is the demolition of Earth's land surfaces often caused by human activities and their misuse of land resources. It occurs when waste is not disposed properly. Land is a earth which is occupied by people for shelter, occupation etc . Land pollution is caused by the presence of xenobiotic (human-made) chemicals or other alteration in the natural soil environment

27. Cause/contributing factors for land pollution

28. Prevention/Control Measure of land pollution Trees should be planted everywhere. Waste matter should be disposed immediately. Avoid drilling the Land for more underground water. Limit the use of fertilizers and pesticides. Awareness about biological control methods and their implementation. The grazing must be controlled and forest management should be done properly .

29. Prevention/Control Measure of land pollution The afforestation and reforestation must take place. Proper preventive methods like shields should be used in areas of wind erosion and wind breaks. Treating Wastes of industries. Treating nuclear waste. Proper disposing of plastics and other garbage materials

30. RADIO ACTIVE POLLUTION

31. Definitions Also called radiological contamination , is the deposition of, or presence of radioactive substances on surfaces or within solids, liquids or gases (including the human body), where their presence is unintended or undesirable .   The increase in the natural radiation levels caused by human activities Despite the Advantage of nuclear as a clean energy, the big concern is the resulted from nuclear reaction , which is a form of pollution called Radio activity .

32. Cause/contributing factors for Radioactive pollution Nuclear power plants Nuclear Weapon Disposal of Nuclear Waste Uranium Mining

33. Consequences Radio Active Pollution The Diseases include blood in cough Ulcer Swelling of bone joints Cancer Lung Cancer Skin Cancer Bone Cancer Eye Problem s

34. Prevention/Control Measure of radioactive pollution Avoid Constructing Nuclear Power Plants Avoid Using Nuclear Weapon Have Proper Treatment for Nuclear Waste Avoid mining for Uranium to a minimal

35. END THANK YOU

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