Pollution its causes and remedies

pollution is a major threat to present environmental status

1. POLLUTION – CAUSES AND REMEDIES Presented by, M.Uma Maheshwari , II M.Sc Botany, St.Mary’s college (Autonomous), Thoothukudi

2. Pollution Pollution is defined as an unwanted change in the environment It can be natural or manmade

3. Types of pollution 7 types of pollution in modern world Water pollution Air pollution Thermal pollution Noise pollution Soil pollution Radioactive pollution Light pollution Visual pollution

4. What is Water pollution? Water pollution  is the contamination of natural water bodies by chemical, physical, radioactive or pathogenic microbial substances.

5. Sources Industrial waste

6. Eutrophication

7. Pathogens

8. Organic wastes

9. Oil spills

10. Natural disasters

11. Remedies Stabilization of eco systems Do not throw industrial, farm or other waste and sewage into rivers. Boil water before drinking. Recycling of waste City water should be treated properly. Oil spills should be prevented. Dead bodies should not thrown in water bodies. Trees should be planted along the rivers. Awareness should be created among the people.

12. What is Air pollution? Air pollution is defined as any contamination of the atmosphere that disturbs the natural composition and chemistry of the air

13. Causes GLOBALISATION

14. POPULATION

15. INDUSTRALISATION

16. Sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide

17. Burning plastic, wood and rubber

18. Effects of air pollution Acid rain Ozone layer depletion Greenhouse effect & Global warming

19. Acid rain When fossil fuels are burned, they let out oxides into the air. When these oxides mix with water in the atmosphere, they make acid, which fall as precipitation

20. Green house effect and global warming The pollutants like Carbon dioxide, Nitrous oxide can trap heat radiations from solar radiations and they do not allow the heat to escape to outer surface. Thus increases the temperature causing Global warming. This frequently leads to melting of polar ice bergs and the sea level increases

21. Ozone layer depletion Ozone  is a pale blue gas which protects our Earth from ultraviolet rays coming from the sun. This gas is mainly formed in stratosphere. Absorption of UV radiations by the molecules of Sulphur oxide, Nitrous oxide, aldehydes forms the Ozone gas and causes depletion of ozone layer and the UV rays enters the earth and causes severe effects in the earth

22. What is Soil pollution? Accumulation of man-made toxic substances in soil that has a negative effect of plant and animal life. Poor cultivation or farming practices, industrial waste dumping and mineral utilization

23. Sources Insecticides, pesticides

24. Mining

25. Overcrowded landfills

26. Effects Decrease in soil fertility Disturbance in the balance of flora and fauna Increase in salinity of the soil Creation of toxic dust Foul smell due to industrial chemicals Alteration in the soil structure

27. Remedies 1.sewage treatment before dumping wastes. 2.spraying of pesticides must be reduced. 3.using of compost instead of fertilizers. 4.reduce combustion of fuels as the fumes result in acid rain when combined with rain that pollute the soil. 5.reduce use of plastic. 6.do not litter. 7.use dustbin.

28. What is Thermal pollution? Thermal pollution is excess heat that creates undesirable effects over long periods of time.

29. Sources Power plants Urban sprawl Air pollution particulates that trap heat Deforestration

30. Remedies Reduce mechanical friction Burn less coal, oil or gas. Plant as many trees as possible Cool the water before they put it back in the ocean.

31. What is Noise pollution? The noise pollution is defined as the unwanted sound which is released into the environment.

32. Causes Traffic

33. Railway Stations

34. Industrial noise

35. Construction Equipments

36. Remedies Automobile Servicing Tree Plantation Soundproof Homes Factory Location White Noise Machine: The latest technology for overcoming the effects of noise pollution is using white noise machine. It is a device meant for converting unbearable noise into pleasant sound

37. What is Radioactive pollution Radioactive pollution is rare but extremely detrimental, and even deadly, when it occurs

38. Sources Nuclear power plant accidents or leakage Improper nuclear waste disposal Uranium mining operations

39. Effects Birth defects, Cancer, Sterilization, and Other health problems for human and wildlife populations.

40. Remedies stoppage of leakage from the radioactive materials The disposal of radioactive material must be safe and secure The protective garments must be worn The natural radiation must be at the permissible limits

41. What is light pollution? Bright lighting in functions, big cities, etc. causes “ Light Pollution ”.

42. Sources Large cities Billboards and advertising Nighttime sporting events and other nighttime entertainment

43. Effects Degrade the quality of life discomfort in the eyes

44. Remedies Shield and lower the wattage of all outdoor lighting—both municipal and private. Use only the light you need to get the job done. Work with your neighbors and local government to keep the light on the ground and the skies natural. Use light emitting diodes (LED)

45. What is visual pollution? Visual pollution - eyesores - can be caused by other pollution or just by undesirable, unattractive views

46. Sources Power lines Construction areas Billboards and advertising Neglected areas or objects such as polluted vacant fields or abandoned buildings

47. Effects Some immediate health and environmental problems Less effective than other pollution

48. Conclusion It is our duty to save our beloved planet. Plant more trees Each drop of water also counts Use eco – friendly products