POMEGRANATE LEAF SPOTS

POMEGRANATE LEAF SPOTS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT

1. POMEGRANATE LEAF SPOTS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY (Affiliated to Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-3) Kullapuram (Po), ViaVaigai Dam, Theni-625 562 STUDENT Mr. KAVIN A ID. No: 2015021057 COURSE TEACHER Dr. PARTHASARATHY S Asst. Professor (Plant Pathology)

2. ANTHRACNOSE LEAF SPOT CAUSAL ORGANISM: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

3. SYMPTOMS Necrotic spots on leaf and fruits On leaf-necrotic spots On fruits – circular, slightly sunken spots. Later their will be ooze out

4. FRUIT ©agropedia.iitk.ac.in

5. LEAF ©agropedia.gov.ac.in

6. SYSTEMIC POSITION Kingdom : Fungi Phylum : Ascomycota Class : Sordariomycetes Order : Incertaesedis Family : Glomerellaceae Genus : Colletotrichum Species : C. gloeosporioides

7. PATHOGEN Sexual stage - Glomerella cingulata ( Penz ) Penz & Sacc Asexual stage - Colletotrichum gloeosporiodies ( stoneman ) Spauld & H.schrenk

8. PATHOGEN It is hemibiotroph Mycelia-hyaline, septate , branched Acervuli –without black setae Conidia –single celled, hyaline, thin walled with full of oil globules

9. ©padil.gov.au

10. MODE OF SPREAD Primary and secondary spread –through wind borne conidia

11. FAVOURABLE CONDITION It present in soil, plant debris and rain Temperature - 25-30°C Relative humidity-greater than 95%

12. INTEGRATED DISEASES MANAGEMENT CULTURAL METHOD: Use diseases free seeds for planting Dispose infected plants and rotten fruits properly To prevent post harvest losses subject fruits in hot water or wax coatings

13. CHEMICAL METHOD Spray chlorothalonil 0.25 %, carbendazim 0.2 %, mancozeb 0.25 % at 15 days interval To prevent post harvest losses coat the fruits with phenols or benzimidazoles .

14. CERCOSPORA LEAF SPOT Causal organism - Cercospora punicae

15. SYMPTOMS On leaf and fruits - Light brown zonate spots appear on leaves and fruits. On twigs - black elliptical spots appear on it. Affected areas become flattened and depressed with raised edge

16. FRUIT ©bugwood.org

17. LEAF ©bugwood.org

18. SYSTEMIC POSITION Kingdom : Fungi Division : Ascomycota Class : Dothideomycetes Order : Capnodiales Family : Mycosphaerellaceae Genus : Cercospora Species : C. punicae

19. PATHOGEN CONIDIOPHORE - Olivaceous brown, short fasiculate , sparingly septate CONIDIA - Olivaceous , cylindrical and multi- septate

20. © plantix.in

21. MODE OF SPREAD Primary spread- from fallen leaves Secondary spread- wind borne conidia

22. FAVOURABLE CONDITION Survive on plant debris Optimum temperature-77-95 °F Relative humidity-90-95%

23. INTEGRATED DISEASE MANAGEMENT CULTURAL METHOD: Use disease free plantings Collect and burn the infected fruits and twigs

24. CHEMICAL METHOD Spray Mancozeb or captan at 2.5g in one liter of water Spray mancozeb-0.25%

25. BACTERIAL LEAF SPOT CAUSAL ORGANISM- Xanthomonas campestris pv . punicae

26. SYMPTOMS Dark coloured irregular spots of 2-5mm in diameter on leaf Leaf become distorted and malformed leads to premature dropping of leaves Raised spots on fruits

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28. SYSTEMIC POSITION Domain : Bacteria Phylum : Proteobacteria Class : Gammaproteobacteria Order : Xanthomonadales Family : Xanthomonadaceae Genus : Xanthomonas Species : Xanthomonas campestris pv . punicae

29. PATHOGEN Gram negative, rod, motile with single polar flagella

30. © researchgate.in

31. MODE OF SPREAD Bacteria infect through wounds and stomatal opening Present in soil

32. INTEGRATED DISEASE MANAGEMENT CULTURAL METHOD: Use diseases free planting material Remove and burn the infected plant parts

33. CHEMICAL METHOD Spray paushamycin at 500ppm + copper oxychloride at 0.2% at 3 times at fortnight intervals.