Ponds

Ponds
types of ponds
by material
construction method

1. POND

2. A Pond is a body of standing water ,either natural or artificial ,that is usually smaller than a lake. They may arise naturally in floodplains as part of a river system, or they may be somewhat isolated depressions. Usually they contain shallow water with marsh and aquatic plants and animals.

3. TYPES OF PONDS There are three basic types of ponds Sunken pond Barrage pond Diversion pond

4. Sunken Pond: The pond floor is generally below the level of the surrounding land. The pond is directly fed by groundwater , rainfall and surface runoff

5. BARRAGE POND They are created in the bottom of the valley by building a dam across the lower end of the valley. They may be built in a series down the valley.

6. Diversion pond The diversion pond is fed indirectly by gravity or by pumping through a diversion canal from a spring ,stream, lake or reservoir. The water flow is controlled through a water intake There will be an inlet and outlet for each pond.

7. According to construction materials Earthen ponds: These are entirey constructed from soil materials. They are the most common. Walled ponds: These are usually surrounded by blocks,bricks or concrete walls. Sometimes wooden planking or corrugated metal is used Lined ponds: These are earthen ponds lined with an imperviious materials such as a plastic or rubber sheet.

8. Earthen Ponds

9. Walled pond

10. Lined Pond

11. According to construction method Dug out (excavated pond) pond : These are constructed by excavating soil from an area to form a hole which is then filled with water These are usually undrainable and fed by rainfall, surface runoff or groundwater

12. Embankment pond: These are formed without excavation by building one or more dikes above ground level to imppound water These are usually drainable and fed by gravity flow of water or by pumping.

13. Cut and fill pond: These ponds are built by a mix of excavation and embankment on sloping ground They are usually drainable and water which is impounded within the dikes is fed by gravity or by pumping.

14. Cut and fill pond Retaining wall Retaining wall New Flat Space fill Cut