Population and its control

Population and its control, Family planning methods, contraception

1. PRESENTED BY,
MR. KAILASH NAGAR
ASSIST. PROF.
DEPT. OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NSG.
DINSHA PATEL COLLEGE OF NURSING, NADIAD

3. Kolkata,India

4. India, with 1,220,200,000 (1.22 billion) people is the
second most populous country in the world, while China
is on the top with over 1,350,044,605 (1.35billion)
people..

5. Indiahasahugepopulation.Itcontributionto
1/5
th
oftheworldpopulation.Itisthe2
nd
most
populatedcountryintheworldnexttoChina.
India’spopulationisgrowingatanalarmingrate.
Itwas340millionin1947.andittookjust34
yeartodoublein1981toreach680million.
Ifthistrendcontinues,IndiamayovertakeChina
in2045andwillbecomemostpopulatedcountry
intheworld.

6. Thecurrentpopulationis1.35billion(In
2018).ItisalsooneofIndia’sbiggest
problems–burdeningandstrainingthe
nation’sresources.
India is poised to overtake China as the
world’s most populated nation in the
next fewdecades.
India adds one Australia every year.

7. Population
A Population is a summation of all the organismsof
the same group or species, which live inthe
same geographical area, and have the capability of
interbreeding.
Human populationcontrol
Human population control is the practice of
artificially altering the rate of growth of a human
population.

8. Current Population of India in 2012 1,220,200,000 (1.22 billion)
Total Male Population inIndia 628,800,000 (628.8 million)
Total Female Population inIndia 591,400,000 (591.4million)
SexRatio 940 females per 1,000males
Age structure0 to25years 50% of India's current
population
India's Population in2011 1.21billion
India's Population in2001 1.02billion
Population of India in 1947 350million

9. 51 children are born in every1
minute.....
Demonstration
51=51

10. SexRatioCensusyearSexratio
(Females
per1000
males)
1951 946
1961 941
1971 930
1981 934
1991 929
2001 933
2011 940

11. 1.27
1.34
1.28
1.27
1.26
1.25
1.24
1.23
1.22
1.21
1.2
1.19
1.18
2011
INDIA(billions)
1.21
2014
1.35
2018

12. 655.8
614.4
INDIA (inmillion)
Total malepopulation
Total femalepopulation

13. Sex Ratio-940 females per 1,000males
Currently, there are about 51 births inIndia
in aminute.

14. 19%
18%
4.43%
3.50%
2.83%
20%
18%
16%
14%
12%
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
% OF WORLDPOPULATION
% OF WORLD
POPULATION

15. EARLYMARRAIGE:

16. STANDARD OFLIVING:

17. LOW EDUCATIONSTATUS

18. TRADITION ANDCULTURE

19. IGNORANCE AND FAMILYPLANNING

20. LACK OF RECREATIONAL
FACILITIES

21. Factors Leading To Population Explosion
1.Increased birthrate
2.Decreased deathrate
3.No proper familyplanning
4.Reduced infantmortality
5.Culturalinfluences
6.Migration
7.Hot climate
8.Child marriage

22. Factors Leading To Population Explosion
9. Polygamy Marriage
10. Joint family system
11. Lack of recreation
12. Poverty
13.High IMR
14.Lack of social security
15.Religious Superstitions
16.Marriage being essential

23. Factors Leading To Population Explosion
17. Lack of education/ want of son
18. Dependency of Women
19. Fatalistic attitude (Believe in destiny)
20. Erotic Literature
21. Bad culture of television

24. Reason for failure To ControlPopulation Explosion
1.Lack of political commitment.
2.Lack of decision making among Female
3.Joint family system
4.Poverty
5.Lack of quality health services.
6.Lack of education and information
7.Lack of awareness among peoples
8.Lack of family welfare services
9.Lack of appropriate technology
10.Lack of women empowerment

25. 1.Pollution
2.Deforestation
3.Freshwater
Availability
4.NaturalResources
5.Socio-economic
6.Health
7.Environmental

26. Impact of population explosion
1.Impact on Individual:-
Malnutrition
Cloth and housing
Literacy and education
Health and services
Impact on health of mother
Impact on father
Job

27. Impact of population explosion
2. Impact on Society:-
Dearth of employment opportunity
Increase in psychological problems(Abuse, drug,
Suicide, Violence, Robbery, murder)
Poverty
STDs and AIDS
Urbanization
Family problems( divorce, separation, poverty)
Health care services

28. Impact of population explosion
3. Impact on Country
Agriculture and economy
Environmental pollution
Depletion of natural resources
Deforestation

29. To obtain an accurate picture of the
factors which contribute to a rapid
increase ofpopulation;
To gain a full understanding of
human fertility and the means of
regulatingit;
To device speedy ways ofeducation
of thepublic.

30. To make family planning counseling an
integral part of the services in hospitalsand
healthcenters.
Less overcrowding especially in themajor
coastalcities.

31. The factors which promotefertility
include:
Age ofmarriage
Duration of marriedlife
Socio-culturalaspects
Place of woman insociety
Theeducation
Economicstatus

32. Social policies pertain to age at marriage, education,
economic developments, and gender sensitivity for
woman status, participation of woman in labor
force.
ChildmarriagerestraintActof1978:toincreasethe
legalageformarriageforgirlsfrom15-18yearsand
forboys18-21years.
Compulsory elementary education forall.

33. Temporarysterilization
*Barriermethods
A)Physical methods
B)Chemicalmethods
C)Combinedmethods
*Intra-uterinemethods
*Hormonal methods
*Post-conceptionmethods
*Miscellaneous
These methods arereversible
methods.

34. *Male sterilization-male sterilization isalso
calledvasectomy.
The vasectomy-is customary to remove apiece
of vasdeferens.
*Female sterilization-female sterilizationis
known as tubectomy.
In this procedure ligation of fallopiantube.

35. The compulsory sterilization after two child norm
made by Indira Gandhi in early 1970s.She give a
slogan ”Hum Do Ham are Do”. Facilities offered
by government to its employees are limited to two
childrenonly.
Only those with two or fewer children are eligible
for election to a Gram panchayat, or local
government.

36. India is first country which adopted anofficial
family planning in first five year plan1950.
Small family norms and the practices of family
planning.
This was advocate in 1980 and targeted tobe
achieved by the year 2000AD.

37. Basic human rights-Teheran in1968
Rise in Per-capitaincome
Urbanization andIndustrialization
Latemarriage
Lowering Infant MortalityRate
Spread ofEducation
Woman education andemployment
Incentives andpublicity
Legislation

38. National population Policy-
2000
National Familywelfare
programme-1951
Postpartum Programme-
1969
Nationalpopulation
commission-2005

39. In April 1976 India formed National population policy.In
thispolicy:
Increasing legal minimum age of marriage from15-18
for females and 18-21 years formales.
The statement of policy was modify in 1977-the
importance of the small family norm without
compulsion.
The national health policy had set a demographic goal
of achieving a Net Reproductive rate by the year2000.
New National population policy 2000 is a morethan
matter of fertility and mortalityrates.

40. To bring the TFR to replacement level of 2010 and
now2017.
Total fertility rate: 2.51 children born/woman
(2014)
Address the unmet needs for basic reproductive
and child health services, supplies and
infrastructure.
Make school education up to 14 years free and
compulsory.

41. Reduce the infant mortality rate to below 30 per
1000 livebirth
Infant mortalityrate:
Total: 43.19 deaths/1,000 livebirths
male: 41.9 deaths/1,000 livebirths
female: 44.63 deaths/1,000 live births(2014)
Achieve universal immunization ofchildren.

42. Reduce maternal mortality rate to below 100/10000 live
birth.
In 2010-220
In 2013-190
Promote delayed marriage age for girls, after20.
Achieve 80% institutional deliveries and 100%
deliveries by trainedpersons.
Achieve 100% registration of births,deaths,
marriage andpregnancy.
Prevent and control communicablediseases.
Promote small familynorms.

43. India launched the National Family Welfare
Programme in 1951 with the objective of
"reducing the birth rate to the extent
necessary to stabilize the population at alevel
consistent with the requirement of the
Nationaleconomy.”

44. The approach under the programme duringthe
First and Second Five Year Plans wasmainly
"Clinical" under which facilities for provision of
services werecreated
It was replaced by "Extension and Education
Approach" which envisaged expansion of
services
Facilities along with spread of message of small
familynorm.

45. It was proposed to reduce birth rate from 35/1000to
32/1000 by the end ofplan.
16.5 million Couples, constituting about 16.5% of
the couples in the reproductive age group, were
protected against conception by the end of IVth
Plan.

46. To bring down the birth rate to 30/1000 by1979.
Increasing integration of family planning
services.
Maternal and Child Health (MCH) and their
Nutrition.
The years 1975-76 and 1976-77 recorded a
phenomenal increase in performance of
sterilization.
The name of the programme also was changed
to “Family Welfare from FamilyPlanning”.

47. •Certain long-term demographic goals of
reaching net reproduction rate of unity were
envisaged.
•VII five year plan(1985-90):Emphasis on promoting spacingmethods,
securing maximum communityparticipation
Promoting maternal and child health care.

48. The approach adopted during the Seventh
Five Year Plan was continued during1990-92
for effective community participation,
Mahila Swasthya Sangh (MSS) at village
level was constituted in1990-91.

49. Several new initiatives were introduced and ongoing
schemes were revamped in thisplan.
Realizing that Government efforts alone in
propagating and motivating the people for
adaptation of small family norm would not be
sufficient, greater stress has been laid on the
involvement of NGOs to supplement and
complement the Government efforts.

50. OBJECTIVES:
Reduction in the population growthrate
The strategiesare:
To assess the needs for reproductive and child high
quality.
Integrated reproductive and child health care
reducing the infant and maternal morbidity and
mortality resulting in a reduction in the desired level
offertility.

51. Director of Family Welfare is responsible
for planning, co-coordinating, monitoring,
supervising and evaluating activitieswith
other agencies of Delhi Govt. includingNGO’s
in the primary health careactivities.

52. To facilitate provision of antenatal andnatal
services to pregnantwomen.
To facilitate implementation of Post partum
program.
To facilitate provision of family planning services.
Implementation of UIP (Universal Immunization
Program).
Surveillance of VPD (Vaccine Preventable
Diseases)Services.

53. Implementation of Pulse Polio Program.
Implementation of PC & PNDT (Pre conception &
Pre Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act 1994
Prevention of Sex Selection) and MTP (Medical
Termination of Pregnancy)Act.
Co-ordination and execution of IEC (Information
Education and Commission)activities throughMass
EducationMedia.
Procurement of State Specific vaccines.

54. To monitor performance and quality of family
welfare activities byNGO’s
Facilitate provision of AdolescentHealth
Services in the state ofDelhi.
RCH trainings by the H&FW TrainingCentre
to update knowledge &skills.

55. Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR): Existing 104 per lakh
live births (CRS 2012, to be less than 100 by 2015 & less
than 75 by 2017).
TotalFertilityRate(TFR):Existing1.8(CRS2011,
TFRcorrespondingtoreplacementlevelofpopulation
being2.1).
Sex Ratio at birth which was 809 (CRS 2001) and is 886
(CRS 2012) is planned to be brought up to 925 by 2015,
935 by 2017 and 954 by2020.

56. The National Family Welfare Programme
provides the following contraceptiveservices
for spacingbirths:
a)Condoms
b)Oral ContraceptivePill
c)Intra Uterine Devices(IUD)

57. Family welfare service isvoluntary.
Family welfare programme will provide
comprehensive maternal and child healthservices
andalsofamilyplanningservice.
For creating awareness ,information, Educationand
communication will be usedeffectively.
Popular and easily available family planningservices
will be provided free ofcost.

58. An All India hospital Postpartum
Programme was introduced in
1969.
It is a hospital –based, maternity
centered approach to familyplanning.

59. The postpartum period is commonly
understood as the first six weeks or 40 days
(depending on the culture) after the birth of
a child, when the woman’s uterus has largely
returned to its pre-pregnancystate.

60. Benefits to women, children, and health systems.
Women need information and services, including a
range of family planningmethods,
throughout the maternal cycle, including the
postpartumperiod.
Postpartum family planning can be integrated into
other programs, including programs to prevent
and manage HIV.

61. Toimprovethemotherandchildrenthrough
MCHandfamilyWelfareprogrammewhich
includesantenatal,neonatalandpostnatal
services.
Immunization services to children and
mothers and prophylaxis againstanaemia
andblindness.

62. In 1952, India was the first countryin
the world to launch a nationalprogramme,
emphasizing family planning to theextent
necessary for reducing birthrates
To establish co-ordination between centre and
states for populationcontrol.

63. The commission will review the
implementation of national population policy
and will give directions in addition to establish
better co-ordination between different
programmes like demographic, educational
developmental and environmentalprotection.
The commission will also help to form an
extensive population movement for population
control.

64. Chief ministers of all the states/union
territories.
Union ministers of concerneddepartments.
Famous demographicspecialists
Public healthworkers
Non-governmentalorganization.

65. Identify people who desire to havechildren
and those whodon’t.
Listening, understanding, counselling and
making appropriate referrals for fertilitycontrol.
Providing & interpreting family planning
information, and to tap community resources
for health workers andcommunity.
Planning, participating and evaluating family
welfare services and organisingcamps.

66. Supervising and guiding the other female
paramedical personnel such asH.V.,ANM’s
etc;
Initiating and contributing towardsresearch.
Planning,conducting,evaluatingwithMO
incommunityhealthcentreleveltrainingfor
otherparamedicalstaffincluding,Dias.

67. Population is now a days crippling humanity and
India is leading second largest populated
country ,hence we all need to wake up and
implement the solution intend to haltcrisis.
Population control programme is a hope to
render comfortable space as per humandensity.
To improve the country growth and make the
happy and wealthycountry.