POPULATION PLANNING + family planning+ population control.pptx

Population control, family planning, ways of family planning

1. DR SHEHREEN DPT(KEMU) FAMILY PLANNING ;

2. INTRODUCTION The meaning of population is “the whole number of people or inhabitants in a country or region”. • The meaning of population explosion is “a sudden, large increase in the size and number of population ”. • In simple words, it could be defined as increase in birth rates and decrease in death rates .

3. POPULATION Population May be defined as a group of organisms of the same species occupying a particular space. OVER POPULATION: (POPULATION EXPLOSION ) Over population is a condition when an organism number exceeds the carrying capacity of its habitat.

4. CAUSES OF POPULATION EXPLOSION • INCREASE IN BIRTH RATE • DECREASE IN DEATH RATE •BETTER MEDICAL FACILITIES • INCREASE IMMIGRATION • DECREASE IN EMIGRATION • ILLITERACY

5. CONSEQUENCES OF OVERPOPULATION  LAND OR SPACE  HOUSING PROBLEMS  FOOD SUPPLY  WATER SUPPLY  SEWAGE DISPOSAL  SANITATION  HEALTH CARE AND EDUCATION  UNEMPLOYMENT AND POVERTY  CRIMES  TRAFFIC PROBLEM  FUEL AND ENERGY PROBLEMS

6. POPULATION CONTROL Overall development – population control can be achieved by overall development of women. It means women need to be empowered and they should be developed socially, economically, and educationally so as to decide and take appropriate measures to have small size family which helps to reduce the population growth and achieve the population control.

7. FAMILY PLANNING “Family planning is the practice of controlling the number of children and the intervals between their births particularly by means of contraception or voluntary sterilization” • “Family planning means having only the number of children you want and only when you want to have them. The purpose of family planning to limit the number of children in the family and to delay or postpone for some time before having children”

8. Some Facts….. World population 711 Crore The current population of Pakistan in 2024 is 245,209,815, a 1.96% increase from 2023. The population of Pakistan in 2023 was 240,485,658, a 1.98% increase from 2022 . Population growth rate is 1.25% Birth rate is 20.22 Death rate is 7.4

9. Historical Background 1952- National Family Planning Programme 1977- National Family Welfare Programme 1985- Universal Immunization Programme 1992- Child Survival And Safe Motherhood Programme 1997- RCH (Phase-1) 2000 National Population Policy 2005- RCH (Phase-11)

10. AIMS & OBJECTIVES OF FAMILY PLANNING -To bring down population growth. - To reduce the maternal & child mortality rate. - To control the unwanted birth. - To prevent from Unsafe abortion. - To bring out wanted birth. - To bring interval between pregnancies.

11. 1. Operational goals 2. Demographic goals 1. Operational Goals :- - To promote the voluntary acceptance of small family norms . Family planning has two main goals :- - To promote the people to use of spacing between children & Child survival. - Poverty eradication & socio – economic growth. GOALS OF FAMILY PLANNING

12. DEMOGRAPHIC GOALS -: Stabilizing the population by the year 2045. Reduce the infant mortality rate to level below 30/1000 live childbirth. Reduce the maternal mortality rate to the level below of 100/100,000 live child birth. sssss

13. FAMILY PLANNING METHODS

14. NATURAL METHODS

15. CONDOMS ADVANTAGES :- Cheaper & easy to carry. No side effect . Protection against STD & AIDS. Reduce the incidence of tubal fertility & Ectopic pregnancy . DISADVANTAGES :- Inadequate sexual pleasure . To discard after one coital act.

16. An IUD is known as Coil is a small plastic and copper device . Usually shaped like ‘T’ which is fitted into uterus by a doctor using a simple procedure and provide protection against pregnancy . In IUD can stay in place 5 to 10 year .

17. COPPER T : Copper reduces the fertility of woman so that it is used for contraceptive. Advantages :- Inexpensive , easy to use and can be inserted in minimal time. Effective contraceptive. Fertility can be restored removal of copper T. Can be used up to 10 years. Disadvantages Pain and bleeding. Ectopic pregnancy.

18. Postpartum IUDs (PPIUD) IUD insertion within 48 hrs of childbirth

19. Intrauterine device (IUD) with Progestogen

20. In addition to  birth control , hormonal IUD are used for prevention and treatment of: heavy menstrual periods Endometriosis  and  chronic pelvic pain Adenomyosis  and  dysmenorrhea Anemia In some cases, use of a hormonal IUD may prevent a need for a  hysterectomy

21. HORMONAL METHOD Hormonal contraceptives are the effective means of maintaining interval between births. It includes :- 1. ORAL PILLS 2. Mixed Pills 3. Mini Pills ( Progesterone only pills) 4. Post Coital Pills 5. Non Steroidal weekly oral pills 6. Long acting /Once a month pills 7. Emergency Contraceptive pills ( E – Pills )

22. Oral contraceptives (the pill) are hormonally active pills which are usually taken by women on a daily basis. They contain either two hormones combined ( progestogen and estrogen ) or a single hormone ( progestogen ).  Combined oral contraceptives suppress ovulation.  Progestogen -only contraceptives also suppress ovulation in about half of women (they are slightly less effective). Both types cause a thickening of the cervical mucus, blocking sperm penetration .

23. Oral contraceptives are 92 - 99% effective Pills are taken daily for 21 days and stopped for 7 days before starting a new package Possible side effects include nausea, breast tenderness, mild headaches, weight gain or loss. The pill does NOT protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs, including HIV).

24. NON STEROIDAL WEEKLY ORAL PILLS :- Ormeloxifene  (also known as  Centchroman ) It is best known as a non-hormonal, non-steroidal oral contraceptive which is taken once per week -

25. LONG ACTING /ONCE A MONTH PILLS :- -Long acting estrogen & short acting Progesterone are mixed in this tablet. This pill is taken only once a month. Its harmful effect only rate of failure is very high . Advantages :- Prevents pregencey Shortness period. Prevents ovarian and uterine cancer. Disadvantages :- Headache Malaise Leg cramps Weight gain. Sleep disturbance. Hypertension

26. EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTIVE PILLS ( ECPs or E – PILLS ) E CPs are used to prevent pregnancy following an unprotected sexual intercourse .If taken within 72 hours ECPs are safe for all women. Levonorgestrel   is a manufactured  hormone  used in this pill. The first pills should be taken as soon as possible but certainly before 72 hrs.

27. Medical Termination of Pregnancy MTP Act 1971 Abortions are termed legal only when all the following conditions are met: Termination done by a medical practitioner approved by the Act Termination done at a place approved under the Act Termination done for conditions and within the gestation prescribed by the Act Other requirements of the rules & regulations are complied with

28. When can pregnancies be terminated? Up to 20 weeks gestation With the consent of the women. If the women is below 18 years or is mentally ill, then with consent of a guardian With the opinion of a registered medical practitioner, formed in good faith, under certain circumstances

29. MTP Act: Indications Continuation of pregnancy constitutes risk to the life or grave injury to the physical or mental health of woman Substantial risk of physical or mental abnormalities in the fetus as to render it seriously handicapped Pregnancy caused by rape (presumed grave injury to mental health) Contraceptive failure in married couple

30. SURGICAL METHOD :- VESECTOMY :- It is simple operation performed under local anesthesia . In this method both of the vas-difference are cut 1cm each & clamped or their heads are tied in a manner that they can not unite again .

31. TUBECTOMY :- Traditional method This method is known as the abdominal tubectomy in which under Spinal or General anesthesia. 2. Mini lap :- This is minor from abdominal tubectomy in which under local anesthesia . 3. Laparoscopy :- In this technique using a laparoscope through the abdomen .