Population problem in india

HEALTH PROBLEM IN INDIA

1. POPUL ATION PROBLEM IN INDIA Presented by Swagatika Sahoo tutor

2. I N TRODUCTION  Population explosion a boon or a curse? For the European developed countries like Spain and Italy, where the population is decreasing, this might be considered as a boon. However, for the developing countries like India, population explosion is a curse and is damaging to the development of the country and it’s society.

3. MEA N I N G  The literal meaning of population is “the whole number of people or inhabitants in a country or region”.  The literal meaning of population explosion is “a sudden, large increase in the size and number of population”.  In simple words, it could be defined as increase in birth rates and decrease in death rates .

4. FORMULA  Population change = (Births + Immigration) – (Deaths + Emigration)  Migration is the number of people moving in (immigration) or out (emigration) of a country, place or locality

5. POPULATION GROWTH IN INDIA  According to 2001 census India's total population has crossed 1,028,737,436 out of which 532,223,090 are males and females are 496,514,346.  Of this number, 157,863,145 are children up to the age of six years out of which 81,911,041 are males and 75,952,104 are females.

6.  According to the 15th Indian Census in 2011 spread across 29 states and 7 union territories that covered 640 districts,5,767 tehsils,7,933 towns and more than 600,000 villages. population Total Male Fem a le 1,210,193,422 623,724,248 586,469,174 Literacy Total 74% Male 82.10% female 65.10%

7. POPULATION TRENDS FOR MAJOR RELIGIOUS GROUPS IN INDIA(2001-2011) Religion 2001 population % 2011 population % Hindu 80.46 79.80 Muslim 13.46 14.23 Christianity 2.34 2.30 Sikhism 1.87 1.72 Buddhism 0.77 0.70 Jainism 0.41 0.37 Other religions/No religion 0.72 0.9

8. REASONS FOR THE POPULATION  The increase in birth rates due to medical improvements and illiteracy.  The decrease in death rates due to better medical facilities and advancements in the field of medicine.  Immigration to better developed countries due to several reasons like better job opportunities, war, and natural causes like hurricanes, earthquakes, and so on.

9. REASONS FOR INCREASE IN POPULATION IN INDIA  Birth rate  Poverty  Illiteracy, traditions and cultural Norms. Death rates  Advanced medical treatments.  Migration plays an important role in the population increase.  However, in countries like India, migration plays a big role in the population change.

10. SOME OTHER FACTORS  Place of women in society  Value of children in society  Widow marriage  Custom and belief  Industrialization  Urbanization  Better health facilities  Better health facilities  Good housing condition

11. EFFECTS OF POPULATION EXPLOSION:  Already India is containing 17.5%of the world’s population. The current rate of population growth in India is 1.2% and the total fertility rate is 2.1%.  Air Pollution  Water Pollution  Increase in Demand For Food Resources  Deforestation  Unemployment and Illiteracy

12. CONSEQUENCES OF OVERPOPULATION.  Land or Space  Housing problems  Food supply  Water supply  Sewage disposal  Sanitation  Health care and education  Unemployment and poverty  Crimes  Traffic problem  Fuel and energy problems

13. POPULATION CONTROL  There are two ways of controlling human population  1 planned  2. catastrophic  Planned control of population:- the only practicable method to control world population is to reduced the birth rate. It can be achieved by Education * increasing marriageable age family planning

14. EDUCATION  Young people of reproductive age group should be educated about the benefits of small family. Mass media ( radio ,television , newspaper, magazines, poster) and educational institutions can play an important role in this campaigning .

15. MARRIAGEABLE AGE  Present marriageable age is 18 years for female and 21 years for males . Population experts explain that raising marriageable from 18 to 20 or 22 would bring down the birth rate by 20-30% An ICMR report has shown that about 49% women in India are married before the legal age of 18 years.

16. FAMILY PLANNING  Adopting government sponsored family planning programme since 1951, birth rate in India has came down only slightly (from 41.7 to 28.3 per 1000 per year in about 50 years)  In 1975 , India Govt made a tentative programme of compulsory sterilization that required one parents to undergo sterilization after two children . But due to public resistance , it was again changed to voluntary approach.