Ports, Harbours & Docks.pptx

Dams

1. Waterways Dr. Abhishek Jindal

2. Ports, Harbors & Docks

3. Ports Location on coast, shore or lake which may contain one or more harbors. A terminal where ships can dock and transfer people & cargo.

4. Requirements of a good port Safety – people involved and surrounding society. Port should be safeguard against heavy winds and high tides. Security – interests of transporting goods and the purpose of passenger travel be protected during functioning of port. Environmental Protection – Construction of ports & man-made changes in locality should not cause imbalance in natural ecology. Discharge of waste pollution (oil, chemicals etc.)

5. Requirements of a good port Commercial Operations – port should be an economic asset in region providing necessary facilities related to commercial activities. Cost of Construction and Maintenance – Minimum cost of construction and maintenance activities. International Maritime – Port should satisfy criteria of rules and regulations of neighboring ports & harbors. Also abide by International maritime conventions, agreements & laws.

6. Ports Location on coast, shore or lake which may contain one or more harbours . A terminal where ships can dock and transfer people & cargo.

7. Classification of Ports Based on type of Location and Function River port Inland Port Fishing port Dry Port Seaport Cruise port Cruise home port Port of call Cargo port

8. River Port Situated on sides of a river with shallow depth of water. Used for transferring river traffic such as barges & shallow vessels.

9. Inland Port Locations along the line of river or canal or navigable lake which are accessible to seaport.

10. Fishing Port Commercial activities related to fish business are predominant in this kind of port. Cold storage installations.

11. Dry Port Facilitates the transportation of sea cargo to inland destinations by networking with road and or railways.

12. Sea Port Handles sea or ocean going deep vessels. Influences the economic growth in a region.

13. Cruise Port Locations along coastal line where ships on recreational or vocational trips stop.

14. Cruise home port Cruise ship passengers may transfer from land to waterway and vice versa as commuters.

15. Port of call Few intermediate stopping or halting locations along a sea coast on a sailing itinerary. Loading and unloading of goods and passengers also take place here.

16. Cargo Port Loading and unloading of huge vessels by using mechanical crane systems and related activities are predominant. Industrial goods in a large scale are transferred and unloaded as the port’s main function.

17. Harbors Place on coast where vessels i.e. ships, large boats & barges find shelter . Against stormy weather Against wind and high tides Artificial structure includes: Piers Jetties or Sea Walls Breakwaters

18. Harbor Planning Principles Selected site should be safe from strong winds, strong waves . Shore must be strong to accommodate required equipment installations at low principle and maintenance costs . Master plan should accommodate all possible future needs of forecasted demand . Harbor be protected and preserved for use of economic and social purposes that enhance the living standards of people. It should group tourism attractions while balancing other needs. Harbor accessibility to waterfront must be integrated with road, railway and airlines network nearby .

19. Classification of Harbors Based on Type of Occurrence and Functions Natural Harbor Semi-natural harbor Artificial Harbor Commercial Harbor Military Harbor Harbor of refuge Fishing harbor

20. Natural Harbor When surrounding land area on shore or coast is convenient and there is an elevated part of land which protects the body of water. Water deep for anchorage of ships. No need for constructing breakwaters.

21. Semi-natural Harbor Naturally formed harbor modified, dredged and improved to accommodate large ships. By providing Breakwaters, jettys etc

22. Artificial Harbor Built as seaports/ river-ports based on the need and at any favorable water body location. Artificially constructing large structures Suitable anchorage and deep water

23. Commercial Harbor Provides large storage capacity Large space for exchange of cargo Adequate docking space Sufficient fuel capacity tankers

24. Military Harbor Situated near NAVAL base. Used for Military vessels. With Armory – receiving, storing & dispatching

25. Harbor of Refuge Provides shelter to ships during bad weather. Good anchorage with adequate depth of water. Protected by natural or artificial wharves. Appropriate repair facilities. Readily accessible.

26. Fishing Harbor Provides large storage capacity to store caught fish. Refrigeration/ cold storage capacity. Able to receive and dispatch fish all times. Adequate connectivity by road/ rail transportation systems.

27. Terminologies Dock Structure or a group of structures extending along the shore or out from the shore into a body of water at which boat or ships is loaded or unloaded or repaired .

28. Layout of PORT / Harbor DOCK BERTH

29. Terminologies Berth Place in the dock which is specifically constructed to maneuver ships . This place can also be used for a ship to dock or anchor during exchange of cargo .

30. Layout of PORT / Harbor DOCK BERTH

31. Terminologies Quay Platform constructed with concrete, stone or metal. Platform lies alongside or projecting into a body of water and is used for loading or unloading of ships .

32. Layout of PORT / Harbor DOCK BERTH

33. Terminologies Wharf Place at which ships are tied up for docking . Artificial platform where ships could be loaded / unloaded. Synonymous with Quay.

34. Layout of PORT / Harbor DOCK BERTH

35. Terminologies Mole or Breakwater Stone or concrete made barrier which is built into a body of water to protect a shore or coast of harbor against the force of tides .

36. Layout of PORT / Harbor DOCK BERTH

37. Terminologies Jetty A structure such as small pier or a landing stage that projects into a body of water to safeguard against tides or erosion of a shore or to protect a harbor.

38. Layout of PORT / Harbor DOCK BERTH

39. Terminologies Pier A large platform extending from a coast or shore over water which is supported by pillars or piles , used to secure, protect and provide multipurpose activities associated with ships or boats.

40. Layout of PORT / Harbor DOCK BERTH

41. Layout

42. Docks An artificial basin for the use of vessels. Area of water between two piers or alongside a pier that is used for loading, unloading and repair of ships.

43. Classification of Docks Dry Dock: Provided with dock gates so that the water in it can be emptied and allowed investigation, repair and maintenance of the underwater parts of the ship.

44. Classification of Docks Wet or Impounding Dock: Type of dock in which water is impounded either by dock gates or by lock gates so that ship remains afloat at low tide and exchange of cargo takes place.

45. Transit Sheds and Warehouses Rec ei ved Cargo – screening for custom clearance. During this period cargo is stored somewhere in harbor or port – transit sheds and warehouses. Transit sheds – if cargo is stored for short duration of time. Warehouse – if cargo has to be stored for longer duration of time.

46. Transit Sheds and Warehouses Transit sheds and warehouses are generally located adjacent to wharves or docks and nearer to inland transport terminal. Appropriate mobile/ mini cranes, handling facilities. As a thumb rule, size of the shed is calculated based on the maximum tonnage of vessel. General : 1.5 – 1.7 tonnes /m 2 space.