Post covid pneumonia ppt slideshare

post COVID pneumonia and its treatment

1. POST COVID PNEUMONIA Presented by: Sonam yadav

2. The respiratory system

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4. CLASSIFICATION Hospital acquired pneumonia Health care associated pneumonia Community acquired pneumonia Ventilator associated pneumonia Pneumonia of immunocompromised people Aspiration pneumonia Post COVID pneumonia

5. What is coronavirus? Coronavirus are a group of viruses that cause several diseases in mammals and birds. In humans, human coronavirus causes respiratory infections.

6. How does the virus invade the host?? Respiratory symptoms occur when the virus infects cells of the alveoli within the lungs The virus accesses these host cells when a glycoprotein spike on the outside of the virus binds to a specific protein called ACE2 found in type 2 alveolar cells

7. How is COVID-19 diagnosed?? PCR Test – standard method, through rRT - PCR Antigen test – viral exposure in recent past, does not test for the virus directly Antibody test – identify the presence of body’s antibodies against the virus, which indicates that person have been exposed in the past

8. CAUSATIVE ORGANISM Streptococcus pneumoniae Mycoplasma pneumoniae Hemophilus influenzae Chlamydophila pneumoniae Staphylococcus aureus Rhinovirus Coronavirus Legionella Gram negative bacilli

9. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Causative organism Inflammatory reaction in alveoli Formation of exudates(RBCs, fibrin and poly morpho nuclear leukocytes infiltrate the alveoli) Containment of virus in alveoli causes consolidation of leucocytes/fibrin within the affected area

10. . Stage of congestion ( engorgement of alveolar spaces with fluid and hemorrhagic exudates which causes spread of pathogens through the lobe) Stage of red hepatization (coagulation of the red exudates occurs and the affected lung appears red) Stage of grey hepatization ( the decrease in RBC count is replaced by neutrophils which infiltrates the alveoli making the lung tissue solid and greyish in color) pneumonia

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13. Diagnostic findings History taking Physical examination bronchoscopy   ABG Gram stain/ culture CBC Pulmonary function studies

14. . Chest x-ray: Identifies structural distribution (e.g., lobar, bronchial); may also reveal multiple abscesses/infiltrates, empyema(staphylococcus); scattered or localized infiltration (bacterial); or diffuse/extensive nodular infiltrates (more often viral). In mycoplasmal pneumonia, chest x-ray may be clear.

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16. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT Antibiotics Antiviral Antipyretics Bed rest Semi fowlers position Antitussives Oxygen administration Vitamin supplements Deep breathing exercises Advise smoking cessation Hydration is an important part of the regimen because fever and tachypnea may result in insensible fluid losses.

17. COMPLICATION Pneumonia Shock Lung Abscess ARDS Pleuritis Pleural effusion Hypotension Empyema R espiratory failure

18. Prevention Hand hygiene Social distancing Nutritious diet Importance of mask Avoid social gatherings Plenty of fluids Exercises Pneumococcal vaccine:  This vaccine can prevent pneumonia in healthy patients with an  efficiency of 65% to 85%. Staff education:  To help prevent HAP. Infection and microbiologic surveillance  

19. . Monitor symptoms Do not touch face Stay home Avoid crowded place Avoid close contact Avoid confined and enclosed spaces Cover mouth while sneezing and coughing Clean and disinfect frequently touched objects

20. NURSING MANAGEMENT Ineffective airway clearance related to tracheobronchial secretions as manifested by coughing Imbalanced nutrition i.e. risk of imbalanced nutrition less than body requirement related to anorexia as manifested by BMI of the patient Fatigue and activity and intolerance related to impaired respiratory function as manifested by increased respiratory rate Disturbed sleeping pattern related to difficulty in breathing as manifested by the verbalization of patient Deficient knowledge related to treatment regimen and preventive measures as manifested by cough etiquettes.

21. CONCLUSION The new coronavirus can cause severe illness, such as pneumonia. This is because it can affect the respiratory system. Elders, people with preexisting conditions, and those with a history of severe breathing problems may be more vulnerable to severe pneumonia. Prompt medical care can help a person breathe until the body fights off the infection, and people should call a doctor immediately if symptoms are severe.

22. THANK YOU