Post harvested management of flowers under protected cultivation .ppt

Post harvested management of flowers under protected cultivation .ppt

1. POSTHARVEST MANAGEMENT OF FLOWERS
GROWN UNDER PROTECTED CONDITION.

2. Pre harvest Factors affecting post harvest
life of flowers
• Genetic or inherent
• Climatic or environmental management.
• Harvest factors like
Stage of harvesting.
method and time of harvesting.

3. Parameters to be considered during
post-harvest handling
Initial Quality.
Pests and Diseases.
Rapid Handling.
Cooling.
Water supply and loss
Physical damage.
Ethylene damage.
Storage environment
Micro-organisms
 Packing and transportation

4. •Initial Quality
• size
• shape
• colour
• maturity and
• freedom from physical damage
•Pests and diseases
• dipping in insecticides
• fumigation (irradiation)

5. •Rapid Handling
Quality decreases continuously, so time from grower
to consumer should be as short as possible
•Cooling
Cooling is probably, the most important treatment to
preserve quality

6. • Growth regulators
Cytokinins delay senescence of some cut flowers.
ABA at 1ppm in continuous holding solution delays
wilting and extends longevity of cut roses by inducing
stomatal closure
GA
3
- promotes longevity of flowers,
-while this is also used in bud opening solution.

7. Conditioners
•Sugar
•Biocide
•Antiethylene compounds.
•
Sugar and biocide :-Very effective for fresh bud & cut
flowers in improving their opening and final quality.
• Silver thiosulphate :-Conditioner in Fresh cut flowers
carnation, Orchids, Gypsophila,
Gladiolus, Gerbera

8. PULSING AND PACKAGING OF IMPORTANT
CUT FLOWERS

9. •Pulsing is a short term pre-shipment
treatment with high concentration of
sucrose and various other chemicals.
•The effect of which will last throughout the
shelf life of cut flowers .
Pulsing

10. Sucrose:
•Main source of food for flowers. It maintains pool of dry
matter and respiration substrates particularly in petals.

•Exogenous sucrose replaces the depleted endogenous
CHO utilized during the post harvest life of flowers.
•Maintaining mitochondrial structure and function and
retarding loss of membrane integrity (Paulin, 1986).
It encourages protein synthesis and delays protein
degradation (Coorts, 1973).
Preservatives used in pulsing

11. 8-HQC: (8-Hydroxy Quinoline Citrate)
•150-600 ppm
•Strong inhibition effect against bacteria, yeast, fungi and xylem
blockage.
8-HQS: (8-Hydroxy Quinoline Sulphate)
•150-600 ppm
•Inhibits vascular blockage caused by bacteria.
Quaternary ammonium salts (QAS).
 Conc. range: 5-300 ppm.
• It is non toxic, more stable and durable than HQ’s
compounds.
Citric acid :
 Conc. range: 50-800 ppm.
• Most widely used organic acid.
•It improves water balance and reduce stem plugging.
Germicides

12. AOA: (Amino Oxy-acetic Acid)
•50-500ppm
MVG: (Methoxy Vinyl Glycine)
•5-10ppm
AVG: (Aminoethoxy Vinyl Glycine)
•5-100ppm
Anti-ethylene Compounds:
AgNO
3
: (Silver nitrate)
•100-200ppm
STS: (Silver thio-sulphate)
•0.2 - 4mM
Ethylene inhibitors
Prevent the ethylene action

13. Calcium: (Ca)
•It prevent stem softening & bending of cut flowers (Mayak
et al.,1978)
•It delays the petal senescence through protection of
membrane proteins and phospholipids from degradation
and maintenance of solute transport and tissue vitality
(Torre et al., 1999).
Mineral salts
Aspirin: (Acetyl Salicylic acid)
100-200 ppm
Vapor Guard
0.5%Improves flower quality & longevity by inducing
stomatal closure.

14. •Used at 100-300 ppm.
•Acidifies the pulsing solution, reduces the bacterial
growth and improves water uptake (Halevy Mayak, 1981).
•Reduces the petal pH and stabilizes the anthocyanin
(Halevy Mayak, 1979).
Boron: 100- 1000ppm
•Helps the translocation of sugars to the corolla and away
from the ovary.
•Increases the longevity of flowers through its antioxidant
activities.
Aluminum sulphate: {Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
}

15. Gibberalic acid (GA
3)
• Conc. - 100ppm
•Delayed leaf wilting
•It increased the flower weight, diameter of flower disc and vase
life ( Dehale and Deshmukh,1993).
Cytokinin
 Benzyl Adenine (10-100ppm)
Auxin
NAA (50-100 ppm)
Growth regulators

16. 1.Flower Maturity
Flowers are to be harvested / cut at bud or partially
opened stage.
2. Temperature
 Pulsing is preferably carried out in cold room.
 Temp of 1
0
C- 4
0
C is suitable for storage of cut flower after
pulsing treatment.
3. Water Quality
Water should be of acidic pH (3-3.5 pH)
Factors affecting the pulsing

17. Rose
CASE STUDIES ON EFFECT OF PULSING
SOLUTIONS

18. Pulsing solution(P)
Vase life
(day)
Flower
diameter
(cm)
Mean Mean
0.5 mM STS 14.11 8.31
1.0 mM STS 14.08 8.42
150 ppm 8-HQC 15.33 8.13
200 ppm 8-HQC 16.25 8.30
0.5 mM STS + 3% Sucrose 14.08 8.23
0.5 mM STS + 4% Sucrose 14.03 8.30
1.0 mM STS + 3% Sucrose 16.17 8.36
1.0mM STS + 4% Sucrose 16.64 8.11
150ppm 8HQC + 3%Sucrose 16.97 8.32
150ppm 8HQC + 4%Sucrose 17.08 8.53
200ppm 8HQC + 3%Sucrose 19.83 8.64
200ppm 8HQC + 4%Sucrose 17.61 8.62
Control(distilled water) 14.12 7.80
C.D.(P=0.05) Pulsing solution 1.07 0.23
Effect of pulsing solution on vase life and flower diameter of cut flower of rose cv. First Red
Jain et. al., 2007

19. Anthurium

20. Treatment Fresh
weight(g)
I st day
At terminationVase life
(day)
Control with distilled water 18.25 13.52 14.00
Pre cooling at 10-15
O
C for 24 h. 18.50 14.25 15.33
Hot water dip at 50
0
C for 10 Sec. 19.85 16.40 14.67
8-HQS 250 ppm + Sucrose 2% for 6 h 20.45 18.58 32.67
BA 50 ppm for 24 h 22.18 20.75 38.67
BA 50 ppm+carbendazim 0.2% for 24 h 20.32 18.68 32.00
Carbendazim 0.2% for 24 h 19.50 16.55 22.33
Sucrose 2% for 6 h 19.82 17.05 20.67
Sucrose 5% for 6 h 19.76 17.22 22.67
8- HQC 250ppm + sucrose 2% for 6 h 20.65 18.20 24.33
C.D. (P=0.05) 0.89 0.77 1.12
Impact of pulsing solutions on post harvest characters of
anthurium cv. Temptation
AKILA DEVI et.al 2004

21. Carnation

22. Treatment Vase life
(days)
Flower
size(cm)
Water
absorbed/ste
m(ml)
Sucrose (10%) 8.89 8.32 20.78
Sucrose (10%)+ STS, 2mM 10.67 8.46 25.11
Sucrose (10%)+ Al
2(SO
4)
3.16H
2O,200 ppm 10.22 8.61 26.11
Sucrose (10%)+ chlorine,50ppm
(source- bleaching powder)
10.00 8.76 22.67
Sucrose (10%)+ chlorine,50ppm
(source- NaOCl)
9.78 8.38 22.89
Sucrose (10%)+ CoCl
2
,100ppm 11.00 8.09 22.56
Sucrose (10%)+ 8-HQC,200ppm 9.67 8.12 24.11
STS,0.2mM 10.78 8.39 23.44
Effect of pulsing solutions on keeping quality of standard
Carnation cv. Tasman
Khushal singh et al., 2007

23. Orchids

24. Treatments Water uptake(gm)
(15
th
day)
Vase life
(days)
Control 1.43 13.6
Precooling at 15
0
C for 12 h 2.61 21.00
Precooling at 15
0
C for 24 h 3.21 24.66
Immersing in hot water at 50-60
0
C for 10
seconds
2.61 20.60
Immersing in hot water at 50-60
0
C for 20
seconds
2.42 20.66
HQ 500 ppm + sucrose 5% for 6 h 6.67 30.66
HQ 500 ppm + sucrose 5% for 12 h 3.92 26.33
CD at 5% 0.021 1.730
Effect of pulsing on the vase life of Dendrobium cv.
Sonia 17
Jawaharlal et al., 2006

25. Gerbera

26.  
Treatments
Final pH Diameter (mm)  
Vase life
T
0 control 6.90 62.92 11.50
T
1
– 8-HQC 200ppm 5.30 59.11 13.30
T
2
– 8-HQC 400ppm 4.80 57.18 12.70
T
3
– 8-HQC 600ppm 4.60 67.23 14.60
T
4
– Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
200 ppm 4.90 75.35 18.50
T
5
– Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
300 ppm 4.50 76.28 24.50
T
6
– Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
400 ppm 4.40 65.73 19.70
T
7
– C
6
H
5
O
7
-(OOH)
3
200 ppm 5.20 64.29 18.70
T
8
– C
6
H
5
O
7
-(OOH)
3
300 ppm 4.90 67.38 22.50
T
9
– C
6
H
5
O
7
-(OOH)
3
400 ppm 4.70 57.82 21.30
T
10
-CaCl
2
100ppm 5.90 57.04 15.70
T
11
-CaCl
2
200ppm 5.60 61.51 17.30
T
12
-CaCl
2
300ppm 5.70 67.18 17.30
T
13-AgNO
3 50ppm 5.50 57.68 17.80
T
14
-AgNO
3
100ppm 5.20 62.97 18.30
T
15-AgNO
3 150ppm 5.20 74.57 15.00
S.D.(P=0.05) 0.50 3.58 2.80
Effect of pulsing (24-h) with germicides on vase life of gerbera .
Mohammad et al., 2009

27. p
ackaging

28. Maintain long storage life & keeping quality
 by lowering the rate of transpiration, respiration and cell
division during transportation and storage.
Protects from physical damage.
Storage friendly.
Eco friendly.
Should be recyclable .
Moisture resistant .
Principles

29. Corrugated Fiber Board Box

30. T
elescopic CFB Box

31. •Graded flowers are grouped together in
bunches of 10,12,20 or 25.
•The upper half of the bundle is wrapped with
either tissue paper, cellophane sleeve or
grease proof paper.
•Paper pillows placed at the bottom of the
flower neck.
•Four bundles of roses containing 80 blooms
accommodated in a standard size carton.
Packaging of Rose

33. •Chrysanthemum blooms packed in bundles of 10-20
flowers.
•400-600 flowers accommodated in standard size
carton.
•Flowers are individually packed by covering them
with protective sleeves or sealing them in plastic
bags.
Chrysanthemum

34. Packed Flowers in Cold Store

35. •400-600 flowers accommodated in standard
size carton.
•20-25 carnation / bundle
•News paper / Foam pieces are placed b/w the
layers.
•All flower heads are kept in a same level.
Carnation

36. •Cut ends of each stem wrapped with cotton
pad soaked with water and covered with wax
paper & tied. Or
•Stem ends are fitted in plastic vial containing
water.
•Flowers mostly presented individually.
• Each inflorescence covered with wax paper or
polypropylene envelope.
•48-90 flowers/ carton.
Anthurium

37. •The flower heads of gerbera are specially
protected by transparent PVC covers, card
board cups or plastic mini sleeves
Gerbera

38. •Orchids packed either as intact spray or as individual
flower.
•Each flower stalk put into a plastic vial or tube containing
moistened cotton wool.
•Few shreds of wax papers, woven b/w the sepals, petals
and around the lip.
•Flower stalks packed in polythene bags.
•50 flower stalks / carton.
Orchids

39. Effect of packaging treatments on flower quality parameters of Orchids.
Jawaharlal et al.,2006
L1:Newspaper; L2: poly film 100gauge;
L3:Brown paper; L4:Cellophane paper ;
L5:Butter paper; L6: corrugated thin sheet

40. Packaging

41. Flower market view