Postcolonial Theory and Literature: An Overview

The Postcolonial Studies

1. The Postcolonial Studies Prepared by Daya Vaghani (Sem III) Department of English (M.K.Bhavnagar University) Postcolonial Theory and Literatures:An Overview

2. Colonialism was not an identical process in different parts of the world. It is the conquest and control of other people’s land and goods which witnessed a wide range of practices including trade, plunder, negotiation, warfare, genocide, enslavement and rebellion - (Loomba) Colonialism/Postcolonialism What is Colonialism

3. The term post-colonial means post, or, after, the colonial period Widely accepted term, to indicate those literatures which emerged after the end of formal colonisation. Covers all the literatures from countries which were affected by colonial culture. In simple terms it is the antithesis (critique) of European literatures. Its implication is a historical phenomena. Shifting of power relationship of the coloniser/ colonised Umbrella term, covers Commonwealth Literatures and New Literatures POST-COLONIALISM - Definition & Features

4. Umbrella term

5. Postcolonialism is a term with multiple meanings and political associations,cutting across and implicated within theories of imperialism,modernity,racism,ethnicity,cultural geography and post modernism. According to Eve Darian-Smith

6. When did Colonialism begin? “We use the term ‘post-colonial’. . . to cover all the culture affected by the imperial process from the moment of colonization to the present day. This is because there is a continuity of preoccupation throughout the historical process initiated by European imperial aggression. . .” (Ashcroft, Griffiths & Tiffin: The Empire Writes Back)

7. The term ‘post-colonial’ addresses all aspects of the colonial process from the beginning of colonial contact. Post-colonial critics and theorists should consider the full implications of restricting the meaning of the term to ‘after-colonialism’ or after- Independence. . . (Ashcroft, Griffiths & Tiffin: The Post-Colonial Studies Reader) The term ‘post-colonial’

8. • Focuses on the reading and writing of literature written in previously or currently colonized countries. The literature is composed of colonizing countries that deals with colonization or colonized peoples. • The Postcolonial theory is a term that refers the theoretical and critical observations of former colonies of the Western powers and how they relate to, and interact with, the rest of the world. • Greatly interested in the cultures of the colonizer and the colonized, postcolonial theory seeks to critically investigate what happens when two cultures clash and one of them ideologically fashions itself as superior and assumes dominance and control over the other. • The field of postcolonial studies has itself been hotly contested ever since its rise in the 1970s. PostColonial Theory

9. 1. Edward W. Said 2 Gayatri Chakravort Spivak 3 Homi K. Bhabha The 3 Pillars of Postcolonial Theory

10. Frantz Fanon

11. Universalism/Eurocentris Representation & Resistance Orientalism Language Diaspora Canon (subverting the canon) Hybridity & Ambivalence Subalternity-Class, race, gender, caste, ethnicity Major Issues in Postcolonial theory

12. Postcolonialism deals with the effects of colonisation on cultures and societies. . . It examines (I) the processes (2) the effects of (3) the reaction to (European) colonisation What is Post-colonial criticism?

13. Postcolonial Texts

14. Postcolonial Texts

15. Postcolonial Texts

16. Postcolonial texts

17. Archeology Sociology Anthropology Political Science History Philosophy Cultural Studies British and American Literary studies Feminism Marxism Impact of Postcolonialism on other fields of study

18. Ashcroft, Bill, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin. The Empire Writes Back: Theory in Practice in Post-Colonial Literatures. London: Routledge, 1989 Barry, Peter. Beginning Theory: An Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 2009. Darian-Smith, Eve. “Postcolonialism: A Brief Introduction.” Social & Legal Studies, vol. 5, no. 3, Sept. 1996, pp. 291–299, doi:10.1177/096466399600500301. Ivison, Duncan. "Postcolonialism". Encyclopedia Britannica, 10 Nov. 2020, https://www.britannica.com/topic/postcolonialism. Accessed 17 October 2021. Loomba, Ania. Colonialism/postcolonialism. London: Routledge, 2005. Raja, Masood. “Resources on Postcolonialism.” Postcolonial Space, 2 Apr. 2019, postcolonial.net/2019/04/what-is-postcolonial-studies. S aid, Edward W. Culture and Imperialism. London: Vintage, 1994. References