Posterior palatal seal

Posterior palatal seal

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POSTERIOR PALATAL SEAL
ROLE LOCATION AND
FUNCTION IN
COMPLETE DENTURE
TREATMENT
NAMITHA AP
2
ND
YEAR MDS
DEPT.OF
PROSTHODONTICS

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Contents
•Introduction
•Definition
•Need and function of posterior palatal seal
•Factors governing the retention of denture
•Anatomy
•PPS design
•Clinical procedure
•Techniques of recording PPS
•Correction of PPS
•Review of Literature
•References

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Hardy and Kapur
•Retention and stability achieved from…
•Adhesion
•Cohesion
•Interfacial surface tension
Dislodging
forces
perpendicular
denture base
•Resisted only by adequate
border seal
Horizontal and
lateral torquing
of maxillary
denture

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“
The posterior border of the maxillary denture
has definite anatomic and physiologic
boundaries that, once understood, make the
placement of the posterior palatal seal a quick
and easy procedure with predictable results

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“
improper
establishment of
the distal limit
improper
posterior palatal
seal
Failed
dentures???
The location and preparation of the
PPS is frequently neglected procedure.
Its location and preparation on the
master cast are often done by the
dentist or dental technician without
reference to anatomical landmarks of
the mouth.

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Definitions
•According to GPT9 :The soft tissue area at or
beyond the junction of the hard and soft palate
on which pressure, within physiologic limits,
can be applied by a denture to aid in its
retention.
•That portion of the intaglio surface of a
maxillary removable complete denture, located
at its posterior border, which places pressure,
within physiologic limits, on the posterior
palatal seal area of the soft palate; this seal
ensures inti-mate contact of the denture base
to the soft palate and improves retention of the
denture; syn, postpalatal seal

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posterior palatal seal area
•: the soft tissue area limited posteriorly by the
distal demarcation of the movable and
nonmovable tissues of the soft palate and
anteriorly by the junction of the hard and soft
palates on which pressure, within physiologic
limits, can be placed; this seal can be applied by a
removable complete denture to aid in its retention
syn, POSTPALATAL SEAL AREA

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Functions
•Improves retention
•Adds confidenceand comfortto the patient
•Helps to overcome the gagging reflex
•Compensates for the polymerization shrinkage of PMMA
resin
•Prevents ingress of fluid, air and food between denture
and tissue
•Provides embedded sunken distal border -less conspicuous
to tongue
•Establishes a positive contact posteriorly-prevent the
final impression material from sliding down into the
pharynx
•Maintain contact with anterior portion of the soft
palate(the tissues undergo shallow displacement ) during
functional movements

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Anatomic and physiologic considerations
musculo-
membranous curtain
separates
oropharynx from the oral space
nasopharynx from the nasal space.
SOFT PALATE

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anterior margin -attached to the posterior border
of hard palate by fibrous tissue known as palatal
aponeurosis.
posterior margin is free and curved
uvula is suspended from the center of curved
margin.
MUSCLES OF SOFT PALATE

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1)Tensor Veli Palatini:Thin flat triangle muscle, when taut, can
influence the denture contour in the hamular notch area.
2)Levator Veli Palatni:Thick rounded muscle on contraction it
elevates the soft palate. The action of this muscle bilaterally is
critical in closing of the oropharynx from the nasopharynx during
swallowing, as well as in determining the position of the vibrating
line.
3)Palatoglossus Muscles:when the palatoglossus muscles
contracts they draw the tongue and soft palate towards each
other.

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position of the head and the
placement of the tongue in the
incisalregion
a/t Silverman
soft palate held
in a functionally
displaced more
anterior
position during
impression
procedure.
The
contraction of
the powerful
palatoglossus
muscle in
interaction with
the tensor
aponeurosis
angular
depression on
the ventral side
of the soft
palate.
Which looks
like a curved
gothic arch.

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Neuro
physiological
factors
neurologic
control of the
valving action
of soft palate
9
th
and 10
th
cranial
nerves
somatic
conscious
motor
component
12
th
cranial
nerve
Denture border
should be
convex in
contour on both
the tongue and
soft palate sides
facilitate the
patient
adjustment to the
denture touching
the soft palate
sharp line angle
on the posterior
border
more difficult for
the patient to
inhibit the
conscious
awareness of the
denture in mouth.

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Posterior palatal seal
Post palatal seal
Extends medially from
the tuberosityto the
other
Pterygomaxillaryseal
Extends through the pterygomaxillary
notch continuing for 3-4 mm
anterolaterallyapproximating muco
gingival junction
2 separate but
confluent areas based
upon anatomic
boundaries

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STRUCTURES RELATED TO POSTERIOR
PALATAL SEAL (winkler)
hamular
process
hamular
notch or
pterygo
maxillary
notch
median
palatine
raphe
fovea
palatini

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Hamular process
•2-4mm postero-medial to the distal limit of
the maxillary residual ridge.
affects length and
direction of
pterygomaxillary seal
covered by mucous
membrane and should
not be covered by
denture

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Pterygomaxillary notch
•Band of loose connective tissue lying between the
pterygoid hamulus of the sphenoid bone and the
distal portion of the maxillary tuberosity.
•Lateral boundaries for the PPS.

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•It affect the length and direction of the hamular seal.
•T burnisher; scored mouth mirror (Damography),
Ladmore plugger may be used to record the actual
depth of each notch and thus the amount of
displaceable tissue.
The lateral extent of the design is governed by each pterygomaxillary
notch, as well as the action of the pterygomandibular raphe bilaterally.

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Mid palatine raphe
•This overlies the medial
palatal suture, contains
little or no submucosa
and will tolerate little
compression.
•• According to heartwell
and rahn, this band of
tissues is not meant to
be compressed, rather
should be relieved if
prominent

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Fovea palatini
•Two glandular openings within the tissues of posterior
portion of hard palate, usually lying on either side of
midline.
They are the ductalopenings into which the ducts of other
palatal mucosal glands drain
Does not represent the junction of hard and soft palate and
should be used only as a guideline to placement of posterior
palatal seal

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Disagreements regarding position
•vibrating line is usually located on
slightly anterior to, or slightly
posterior to the fovea palatinae
Boucher
•describes the fovea as situated
immediately behind the boundary
between the hard and soft palate.
Sicher
1952
•fovea marks the posterior limit of
the hard palate.
Nageleand
Sears
1958

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•Glandular region of soft palate
Fennaand
associates
1961
•Vibrating line 2mm in front of fovea palatini
Swenson
1970
•depicted the majority of PPS designs taught in the U.S.
dental schools as posterior to the fovea palatinae. Winlandand Young
•1.31mm anterior to the anterior vibrating line.
Lye
1975
•Located either on or behind the anterior vibrating line
Chen
1981

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Proper placement of the posterior palatal seal
Begins with initial oral examination
Morphologic contours of the hard and
soft palate, hamularnotch regions
Integrity and displaceabilityof the
mucosa and underlying glandular
tissues should be evaluated and noted
Observation and palpation are essential
elements in formulating the proper
diagnosis and treatment plan

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Vibrating line
•The imaginary line across the posterior part of the
palate marking the division between the movable
and immovable tissues of the soft palate which can
be identified when the movable tissues are moving
•Vibrating area
Swenson
•Anterior and posterior flexion
line
Silverman
•ah line (posterior flexion line); blow
line (anterior flexion line).
Johnson and
Stratton

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Anterior vibrating line
•Is an imaginary line located at
the junction of the attached
tissue overlying the hard
palate and the movable tissue
of the immediately adjacent
soft palate.
Posterior vibrating line
•It is an imaginary line at the
junction of the aponeurosis of
the tensor veli palatini muscle
and the muscular portion of
the soft palate.

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ANTERIOR VIBRATING LINE
•Cupid’sbowshape
•Always on soft palatal tissues.
To locate anterior vibrating line:
patient is asked to perform valsalva
maneuver
or
by visualizing the area while instructing the
patient to say‘ah’ with short vigorous
bursts(sharry)

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POSTERIOR VIBRATING LINE
•Represents the demarcation between the part of soft
palate that has limited movement during function and
the remainder of soft palate that is markedly displaced
during functional movements.
•Visualized by instructing the patient to say “ah” in short
bursts in a normal unexaggerated fashion.

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PARAMETERS OF PPS
SIZE-ACCORDING TO HARDY
AND KAPOOR 1958
•Mid palatal
region
•Hamular
notch
2mm
•Greatest
curvature
region of
PPS
4mm
•Silverman performed a study
on 92 patients & found the
following –
✓The greatest mean antero
posterior width of PPS is 8.0
mm (with 5-12 mm of range)
✓The inter hamularnotch was
found to be 35.8mm(25-48mm
)
Shape
Location
Size

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Types of posterior palatal seal designs
(Winlandand Young)
A bead posterior palatal seal

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A double bead posterior palatal seal

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A butterfly posterior palatal seal

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A butterfly posterior palatal seal with a bead
on the posterior limit

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A butterfly posterior palatal seal with the
hamularnotch
area cut to half the depth of a No.9 bur

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CLASS I
•Large and normal in
form with a
relatively
immovable band of
resilient tissue 5-12
mmdistal to a line
drawn across distal
edge of the
tuberosities
CLASS II
•Medium size and
normal in form with
relatively
immovable resilient
band of tissue 3-5
mmdistalto a line
drawn across distal
edge of the
tuberosities.
CLASS III
•accompanies a
small maxilla.
•curtain of soft
tissues turns down
abruptly 3-5 mm
anteriorto a line
drawn across distal
edge of the
tuberosities

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A posterior palatal seal construction in
reference to
House’s classification of palatal forms.
Class I
•flat modified butterfly
•3-4 mm wide
Class II
•high modified butterfly
•2-3 mm wide
Class III
•Intermediate bead

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Palatal vault based on shape(BASED ON
DEPTH)
•BROAD
Class
I
•MEDIUM
Class
II
•NARROW
•V SHAPED
VAULT
Class
III
FLAT
V
SHAPED
AFAFFECTS DENTURE
STABILTY AND RETENTION

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FLAT VAULT
less resistance to anterior or
lateral displacement of the
maxillary denture.
The resultant reduction in
stability is accompanied by a
loss of retention in function
If the fissure extends through
the PPS area it must be
occluded by the denture to
complete the peripheral seal
at the posterior border of the
denture.

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undue pressure on the lateral aspects of
the palatal vault.
This will loosen and dislodge the
denture.
V-Shaped palate presents the deep, narrow
fissure in the midline of the vaultwhich may
not have been accurately recorded in the final
impression.
V-shaped PALATE and hence the denture
overcome by a well designed PPS.

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CLASSIFICATION OF
SOFT PALATE(WINKLER)
Class I
•A soft palate that is rather horizontal as it extends posteriorlywith minimal
muscular activity.
•Wide posterior palatal seal
•Most favorableconfiguration as more tissue surface can be covered
Class II
•Palatal contours between a class I and class II
Class III
•Most acute contour in relation to the hard palate
•Marked elevation of the musculature to effect velopharyngealclosure
•Seen along with a high V-shaped vault usually.
•Smaller in width but deeper posterior palatal seal area
Based upon the angle the
soft palate makes with the
hard palate

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The rationale for the placement of a seal in the impression
tray :
•• To establish positive contact posteriorly to prevent the final
impression material from sliding down the pharynx.
•• To serve as a guide for positioning the impression tray
•• To create slight displacement of the soft palate
•• To determine if adequate retention and seal of the potential
denture border is present.

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TECHNIQUES FOR RECORDING
POSTERIOR PALATAL SEAL
Hardy and Kapur,posterior palatal seal-its rationale and
importance, j prosthet dent, may 1958
•Final impression is border molded in PPS area with soft stick
modeling compound / wax by sucking movements performed by
the patient.
FUNCTIONAL
•Border molding is done by the dentist.
SEMI FUNCTIONAL
•Developed on the cast by grooving the cast to the desired depth.
EMPIRICAL

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Shape of the PPS and techniques used to produce
a particular design concept.
Winlandand Young-found that there were 3
methods used to construct the PPS
Bead on cast
Physiologic
and
butterfly
Physiologic in
impression
Physiologic
and bead
Butterfly on
cast
Functional
impression
Combination
of both
Scraping
the cast

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Methods to record posterior palatal seal
1.
Conventional
technique
2. Fluid wax
technique
3.Selective
loading
impression
technique
4. Arbitrary
scraping of the
master cast
5.Extended
palate
technique
6. Adding PPS
to an existing
denture
7.
Determination
of PPS by
ultrasound

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CONVENTIONAL TECHNIQUE
(winkler)
MARKED WITH AN INDELIBLE PENCIL
“T”BURNISHER/A MOUTH MIRROR IS USED TO
PALPATE FOR THE HAMULAR PROCESS
POSTERIOR PALATAL AREA IS THEN DRIED
WITH GAUGE
WELL ADAPTED TRAY IS FABRICATED ON THE
STONE CAST WITH SHELLAC OR RESIN
FINAL WASH IMPRESSION IS MADE,BOXED
AND POURED

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Trim the posterior border of
the record base to the
transferred marking using a
bur designed for trimming
acrylic.
Reinsert the record base in the
patient's mouth and evaluate the
relationship of the posterior border to
the vibrating line.
Adjust until the correct length is
obtained

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Just posterior to the deepest portion
of the seal, it is also tapered to the
posterior vibrating line. Failure to
taper the seal posteriorlymay lead
to tissue irritation.
Shellac can be re-adapted to
conform to the scored palatal seal
area and tried in the mouth to
evaluate the retentive qualities of
the trial base.

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ADVANTAGES
•• More retentive trial base , which
can produce more accurate
maxillo-mandibular records.
•• Patients are able to experience
the retentive qualities of the trial
base giving them the
psychological security.
•• The posterior extension of the
denture can be understood by the
patient.
•Final adjustment during insertion
are minimised
DISADVANTAGES
• Not a physiological
technique and so
depends upon the
accurate transfer of
vibrating lines and careful
scraping of the cast.
• More potential for over
compression of the
tissue.

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FLUID WAX TECHNIQUE
.
•• All the procedures for location and
transfer marking of the anterior and
posterior vibrating lines are same as
for the conventional approach.
•• Indelible transfer markings are
recorded on the final wash impression.
•Done immediately after making
impression and before pouring cast

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•Zinc oxide and eugenol /plaster are
preferred over the elastic impression
material, as they set rigid and fluid wax
adheres well to them
•• 4 types of wax –
•1. Iowa Wax (White) –Dr. Earl S. Smith
•2. Korecta Wax no.4 (Orange) –Dr. O.C.
Applegate
•3. H-L physiologic paste (Yellow-White) –
Dr. C.S. Howkins
•4. Adaptol (Green) –Dr. NathanG. Kyne
They soften at mouth temperature and
flow intraorally during impression making

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Wash impression is
painted with fluid wax
Wax should be within
margins of palatal seal
marked in impression
Usually applied in
excess and cooled
below mouth
temperature so that it
gains resistance to
flow
The patient's head should be positioned such
that the Frankfort's horizontal plane is 30°
below the horizontal plane.Itis only at this
position that the soft palate is at its maximal
downward and forward functional position.
Flexion of the head also helps to prevent
aspiration of the impression material and saliva
impression tray is inserted
into the mouth and the
patient is asked to make
rotational movements of
his head without altering
the plane to record the
functional movements of
the palate

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impression is removed after 4 -6 minutes and
examined.
In contrast to green stick compound, glossy areas, show
tissue contact. Dull areas show areas which were not in
contact with the tissues
The impression should show uniform tissue contact
Areas which appear dull, are added with more wax and
the procedure is repeated.
Every time the impression is reinserted,theimpression
should be held for 3-5 minutes under gentle pressure
and 2-3 minutes under firm pressure applied in the mid-
palatine area

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•The wax in the region of the
anterior vibrating line
should have a knife-edge
margin
•Blunt margins indicate
improper flow and the
impression should be
repeated.
•Fluid wax extending beyond
the posterior vibrating line
should be cut with a hot
knife.
•The impression is refined
again till feather-edge
margins are produced.

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PRECAUTIONS:
•• The patient should not protrude his tongue beyond the
approximated position of the incisal edge as this may shorten
the posterior border of the final impression.
•• The patient should be cautioned against rinsing with cold
water as this may contract the tissues and reduce the flow
properties of wax.
•• The borders of the wax should terminate in feather edge
towards the vibrating line .If a butt joint is formed, proper flow
may have not taken place.

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ADVANTAGES
•1. Physiologic technique
displacing tissues within
their physiologically
acceptable limits.
•2. Over compression of the
tissues is avoided
•3. Posterior palatal seal is
obtained at an early stage.
•4. Mechanical scraping of
the cast is avoided.
DISADVANTAGES
• More time is needed
• Difficulty in handling the
material

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Selective loading impression technique
Initially, fabrication of custom tray on primary
cast with wax relief on relieving areas like
undercuts, incisive papilla,midpalatine
suture or flabby ridge or tissues is done.
Peripheral border molding and post dam
adaptation are done by green stick
modeling compound.
Escape holes are drilled in relief areas to
allow the excess low viscosity,elastomeric
impression material to flow out during
secondary impression making

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ARBITRARY SCRAPING OF THE MASTER CAST
•• Anterior and the posterior vibrating lines are visualized by
examining the patient’ mouth and approximately marked on the
mastercast.
•• Least accurate and leaves a chance at insertion appointment
since it relies on dentist’s recollection of palatal configuration
and tissue compressibility.
•
Least accurate
Over post
damming-high
potential

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Limited to bead on denture
Sink easily to soft tissue
CalomaniFeldman Keubker’s
technique
Anterior line is placed 5-6 mm
anterior to posterior line
At midline 2-3 mm

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CLASS III SOFT PALATE
Double bead technique
CLASS I AND II
NO.8 ROUND BUR OF 2MM AND
CONE SHAPED ACRYLIC RESIN
BUR

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GROOVE
ALONG
POSTERIOR
LINE
SHALLOW
KNIFE EDGE
ALONG
ANTERIOR
VIBRATING
LINE
DEPTH OF
SCRAPING
DIMINISHES
FROM MIDLINE
TO ANTERIOR
AND
POSTERIOR
VIBRATING
LINES

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EXTENDED PALATAL TECHNIQUE: (Silverman1971)
•• Denture border is extended 8mm approximately beyond the
anterior vibrating line.
•• Not widely used currently.
•Method -1. After border molding tray is extended by adding
compound.
•2. Greenstick compound is added to the seal area and
record is made with head flexed 30 degree downward.

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REVIEW OF
LITERATURE
A procedure for adding
posterior palatal seal to an
existing denture in dental office
Izharul Haque Ansari
The Journal of prosthetic dentistry

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•• Mark the vibrating line in the mouth with an indelible
marker.
•• Form the desired thickness and extension of the PPS on
the denture in the patient’s mouth with softened green
modelling compound
•• Transfer the locations of the vibrating line to the denture
Make a cast of the
intaglio surface of
the denture with
putty material;the
cast must include
all of PPS addition
and extend 5 to 6
mm posteriorly

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•• After putty material has set, use a scalpel to cut channels
which will allow excess auto polymerizing acrylic resin to
escape
•• Remove the green stick compound and replace with auto
polymerizing resin in a pressure pot
Izharul Haque Ansari, JProsthet Dent 1994;72;449

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Correction of the posterior
palatal seal by using a
visible light-cured resin: A
clinical report
ARTHUR NIMM
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
• Identify and mark the vibrating line in the mouth with an
indelible marking stick

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•• Roughen the denture surface in the posterior palatal seal
area with a carbide bur

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Position a hand-held visible light source near the border of
the denture and apply light directly
• Remove any excess resin with a carbide bur and smooth
the junction between the seal and the polished surface of the
denture.
ADVANTAGES
1. No exothermic reaction to irritate the oral tissues.
2. Minimal volumetric shrinkage during curing.
3. More closely approximates a physiologic technique.
4. Can be performed with relatively little chair time.

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An investigation of the
anatomic position of the
posterior palatal seal by
ultrasound
Rajeev M. Narvekarand
Marc B. Appelbaum
Ultrasound refers to sound with frequencies higher than the
audible range (20 to 20,000 Hz).
ultrasound instrumentation as an non-invasive procedure to
locate the anatomic structures in the pps region.

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Basic elements of an ultrasound scanning
system
•synthetic ceramic that has piezoelectric properties
•transform mechanical energy into electrical energy and
vice versa.
•on application of electric field results in transfer of
vibration energy. Ultrasonic
transducer
•Used as a conductor
of the sound energy
between skin and
ultrasonic transducer.
Couplant

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B mode ( Brightness Modulation)
•2 dimensions of the display are a cross section of
the patient.
•brightness or shade of gray in the display
represents the amplitude of the echoes received
from the anatomic cross section of the patient.
•The small variations in acoustic impedence result
in decreased reflection values, hence ultrasonic
energy propagates completely through the body.

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Procedure
The transducer was inserted in the mouth, the junction of the
hard and soft palate was noted on the screen.
posterior vibrating line was located accordance with a
conventionally accepted technique.
A thin rubber band was placed around the anterior third of the
transducer head to serve as an index that would appear on the
display mode.
Commercially available tooth paste was used as a couplant and
placed on the head of transducer.

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Polaroid photograph of ultrasound
scanning of palate. Arrow on left
indicates junction between hard and
soft palates. Arrow on right indicates
image of rubber band superimposed
on clinically outlined vibrating line,
which is seen to lie over soft palate.
Polaroid photograph of ultrasound
scanning of palate
Arrow indicates that vibrating line is at
junction of bard and soft palates.
Miniature transducer (10 MHz linear array) is used along with
a real-time B-mode to view image of soft tissue

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•It is indicated in patients with
only class I, II type of
palates, as type III palate
prevents complete
adaptation of transducer
contraindication
•patients with neuromuscular
impairments
•pronounced gag reflex
•. The average distance from
the posterior vibrating line to
the junction of the hard and
soft palates was 2.9 mm. The
average width of the
posterior palatal seal is
considered to be
approximately 4 to 6 mm.

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The method of correcting PPS area of
maxillary complete denture
•The retention of maxillary complete denture is greatly dependent
on the establishment of an adequate pps.
•Unfortunately the absence of an adequate seal may be
undiagnosed until the insertion appointment.
1.Frank R. Lauceiello, Selvatore 1979.-Green stick compound
was added to the pps area to establish adequate peripheral seal.
2.Mouth temperature wax was added to the compound to establish
physiological pps.
3.The patient teeth are always in occlusion during the impression
procedure to prevent improper placement of denture.
4.A full cast is prepared to include the denture border.
5.Denture is flasked and processed

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A method of correcting the
posterior palatal seal area
of a maxillary complete
denture.
Lauciello, F. R., & Conti, S. P. (1979)
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry

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Repair of posterior base of
a maxillary complete
denture by use of a cast of
stone and resilient
material
L e e , S . , & M o r g a n o , S . M . ( 1 9 9 5 )
T h e J o u r n a l o f P r o s t h e t i c D e n t i s t r y.

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Immediate maxillary
denture base
extension for
posterior palatal seal
YuujiSato,RyujiHosokawa,Kazuhiro
Tsugaand MitsuyoshiYoshidau
Try-in the
denture into the
mouth and adapt
the wax lightly to
obtain the palatal
seal.
Evaluate the wax
extension, then
adjust the length
of the extension

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2

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Dimensions and
displacement patterns
of the
posterior palatal seal
Sidney I. Silverman
1)To evaluate whether Retention and stability of a C.D. will be increased by
extending the posterior border of the denture beyond the vibrating line,
located at the junction of hard and soft palate.
2)To evaluate the effect of extension in providing additional retention of
dentures

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1.patient who have small
residual ridges
2.Patients having ridges that
are mobile and
displaceable.
3.when maxillary dental arch
is small, narrow and high
vaulted
4.patient with a marked
retrusion of the
mandible.
INDICATIONS FOR
EXTENDED
POSTERIOR BORDER
maxillary dentures can
be extended for an
average of 8.2mm
dorsally to the
vibrating line or flexion
line, where the soft
palate joins the hard
palate.
This extension varies
from 4-12mm dorsally
to a transverse region.

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A study of posterior
palatal seals with varying
palatal forms.
Nikoukari, H. (1975).
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
carried out the study to determine the depth and width of PPS in different
shapes and palates and the affect of different materials on the
displacement of tissue in the PPS area
•displacement caused was less than that of the other
materials.
Zinc oxide eugenol
•highest displacement readings.
Modellingcompound
•Between both
Korectawax
He concluded
that the best
PPS can be
achieved by
green stick
modeling
compound or
Korecta wax for
establishing the
PPS area.

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Posterior Palatal Seal Area
Established in Conventional
and CAD/CAM Fabricated
Complete Denture
Techniques: Clinical Case
Study
Mohamed Saber A Ali* and
FahadA Al-Harbi
60 year old completely edentulous patient
CAD CAM denture
Digital impressonof
PPS
2 VISIT AVADENT
CDS
Conventional
denture
PPS is established
by scraping the cast
according to Winkler

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cancellation of
the
polymerization
shrinkage
intrinsic in
conventionally
processed
completed
dentures may
improve the fit
of the denture
base of
CAD/CAM
complete
dentures.

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a comparative study of
retention of complete
denture base with
different types of
posterior palatal seals –
an in vivo study
gsChanduBs hemaharsh Mahajan1
antrikshazadIpsitasharmaanurag
azad

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•Ten male patients between the age group of 50
years to 60 years were selected for the study. After
the primary and secondary impressions were
taken
•five casts were made including
1.a cast without posterior palatal seal
2.a cast with single bead posterior palatal seal
3.a cast with double bead posterior palatal seal
4. a cast with butterfly shaped posterior palatal seal,
5.a cast with posterior palatal seal with low fusing
compound by functional method.

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It was observed that retention increased up to 108% in the posterior
palatal seal with low fusing compound with functional method and
the posterior palatal seal that was obtained by using functional
method provided greater retention than a denture base without
posterior palatal seal.

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Trouble shooting!

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“
no step in the denture
construction should be
stopped short of perfection.
Yet, many dentures are
worn which have
imperfections built into them,
Provided they have
peripheral seal sufficient to
hold them in place -Tilton

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Conclusion
The placement of the correct posterior palatal
seal area is not a difficult procedure once the
anatomy and physiology of the area is
understood. Careful examination during the
diagnostic phase of the treatment and
following established techniques for the
placement of the border seal will ensure a
more retentive prosthesis for the patient.

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References
•Winkler –Textbook of Complete dentures.
•Heartwell–Textbook of Complete dentures.
•Naylor W.P. and Rempala J.D.“The posterior palatal
seal-its forms and functions (I & II) Diagnosis”.
Quintessence Int. 1986.
•Nikoukari H.“A study of posterior palatal seals with
varying palatal forms”.J.P.D. 1975.
•Silverman S.L.“Dimensions and displacement patterns
of the posterior palatal seal”.J. P.D. 1971.
•Williams E. Avant“A comparison of the retention of
complete denture bases having different types of pps”.
J.P.D. 1973.
•Antolino Colon et al“Analysis of the posterior palatal
seal and the palatal forms as related to the retention of
complete dentures.J.P.D. 1982.

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•Calomeni A.A. et al“Posterior palatal seal location and
preparation on the maxillary complete denture cast.J. P.D.
1983.
•Yuuji Sato et al“Immediate maxillary denture base extension
for posterior palatal seal.J.P.D. 2000.
•Shyn-yuan Lee and Morgano S.M.“Repair of posterior base
of a maxillary complete denture by use of a cast of stone and
resilient material”.J.P.D. 1995.
•Weintraub G.S.“Establishing the posterior palatal seal during
the final impression procedure: a functional approach. JADA
1977.
•Izharul Haque Ansari“Establishing the posterior palatal seal
during the final impression stage”.J. P.D. 1997.
•Rajeev M. Narvekar and Appelbaum M.B.“An investigation
of the anatomic position of the posterior palatal seal by
ultrasound”.J.P.D. 1989.