Postmodern literature

Postmodern Literature and techniques are discussed in detail.

1. Postmodern Literature Dr.B.Winmayil

2. NO TEXT IS AN ISLAND

3. Postmodern Writers Thomas Pynchon Jean Lyotard Don DeLillo Joseph Heller Kurt Vonnegut John Fowles John Ashberry Orhan Pamuk Vladimir Nabokov

4. Postmodern works Breakfast of Champions. Kurt Vonnegut. Labyrinths. Jorges Luis Borges. Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas. Hunter S. Thompson. American Psycho. Bret Easton Ellis. Catch-22. Joseph Heller. Gravity's Rainbow. Thomas Pynchon. Naked Lunch. William S. Burroughs. Infinite Jest. David Foster Wallace

5. Postmodern Techniques Little Words, Big Ideas Irony, Playfulness, Black Humour Serious things in a playful way Joseph Heller, Kurt Vonnegut – II World war

6. Postmodern Techniques Intertextuality a reference or  parallel  to another literary work, an extended discussion of a work, or the adoption of a style Umberto Eco's   The Name of the Rose takes on the form of a detective novel and makes references to authors such as  Aristotle, Sir  Arthur Canon Doyle, and Borges.

7. Postmodern Techniques Pastiche means to combine, or "paste" together, multiple elements a representation of the chaotic, pluralistic, or information-drenched aspects of postmodern society   B.S.Johnson's 1969 novel  The Unfortunates was released in a box with no binding so that readers could assemble it however they chose.

8. Postmodern Techniques Metafiction writing about writing or "foregrounding the apparatus", as it's typical of  deconstructionist   approaches  making the artificiality of art or the fictionality of fiction apparent to the reader and generally disregards the necessity for "willing suspension of disbelief." For example, postmodern sensibility and metafiction dictate that works of  parody  should parody the idea of parody itself Metafiction is often employed to undermine the authority of the author, for unexpected narrative shifts, to advance a story in a unique way, for emotional distance, or to comment on the act of storytelling example, Italo Calvino’s 1979 novel  If on a winter’s night a traveler  is about a reader attempting to read a novel of the same name.

9. Minimalism and Maximalism M inimalism is all about making things neat, tidy, and low key , the most basic and necessary pieces, specific by economy with words. Minimalist authors hesitate to use adjectives, adverbs, or meaningless details   Jon Fosse and especially Samuel Beckett   M aximalism goes against the grain by  embracing  excess.  if an author is making loads of references to other texts—and to itself as a text— Zadie Smith's  White Teeth  ( 2000) &Salman Rushdie's  Midnight's Children   (1981)

10. Postmodern Techniques Fabulation the term was coined by  Robert Scholes i n his book  The Fabulators Fabulation is a term sometimes used interchangeably with metafiction and relates to pastiche and Magic Realism . rejection of realism which embraces the notion that literature is a created work and not bound by notions of mimesis (imitation of life in art) and verisimilitude(appearance of being true)   Salman Rushdie's  Haroun and the Sea of Stories

11. Postmodern Techniques Poioumena . a term coined by Alastair Fowler to refer to a specific type of metafiction in which the story is about the process of creation Samuel Beckett's trilogy ( Molloy ,   Malone Dies  and  The Unnamable );  Dori Lessing ’ s   The Golden Notebook the self-conscious narrator in Salman Rushdie's  Midnight's Children  parallels the creation of his book to the creation of chutney and the creation of independent India

12. Postmodern Techniques Historiographic metafiction Linda Hutcheon  coined the term refers to the works that fictionalize actual historical events or figures ; The General in His Labyrinth  by Gabriel García Márquez (about  Simón Bolívar),  Flaubert's Parrot  by Julian Barnes (about  Gustave Flaubert)

13. Postmodern Techniques Temporal distortion fragmentation and nonlinear narratives  in Robert Coover's "The Babysitter" - multiple possible events occurring simultaneously—in one section the babysitter is murdered while in another section nothing happens and so on—yet no version of the story is favored as the correct version .

14. Postmodern Techniques Magic realism Magic realism may be a literary work marked by the use of still, sharply defined, smoothly painted images of figures and objects depicted in a surrealistic manner. The themes and subjects are often imaginary, somewhat outlandish and fantastic and with a certain dream-like quality. Jorge Luis Borges, the Argentinian who in 1935 published his  Historia universal de la infamia , the first work of magic realism Gabriel García Márquez’s   One Hundred Years of Solitude