Potato.pptx Detail cultivation practices of potato

Detail cultivation practices of potato

1. Potato Botanical Name :- Solanum tuberosum L Family – Solanaceae Local Name- Batata . Alu Origin :- South America Economic Importance :- -Potato is the most important food crop in the world. -Potatoes are rich source of starch, vitamins, minerals . especially ( vit . C & vit . B ) . -They possess 20.6 % CHO (Carbohydrates), 2.1% Protein, 0.3% Fat, 1.1% crude fiber and 0.9% ash. -Used for several industrial purposes such as starch & alcohol -Used for production of dextrin & glucose.

2. Botany :- - Potato is herbaceous annual vegetative propagated by tubers . - The tuber is an enlarged underground stem produced on the end of a stolen & not on the roots . - The root of potato is adventitious. Soil and Climate :- Soil :- - Sandy or medium loam soils rich in organic mater content. -slight acidic soil is preferable -soil pH should be between 5-7. -Soil should be loose, friable, well aerated with good drainage . - This crop does not grow well in saline soils & under highly acidic conditions it suffers from scab disease.  

3. Climate :- - Potato is a temperate crop. which needs low temperature, low humidity & bright sunny days. -25ºC- for Germination -20ºC- for Vegetative growth Between 17-20ºC-For tuber development. -Temperature above 30ºC stop tuber formation completely because at higher temperature rate of respiration increases & carbohydrates formed by the process of photosynthesis is consumed rather than stored in tubers. -Cloudy days, rains and high humidity are very congenial for spread of fungal & bacterial diseases.

4. Land Preparation :- -Tuberization prefers to have well pulverized smooth tilth which may be obtained by giving two ploughing (20cm, deep) with mould board plough followed by clod crushing and 2-3 harrowing , planking and collection of stubbles. Seeds & sowing :- Planting Time: Rabi : Mid October to Mid November Kharif – June to July Seed size, - Tubers having 30-50g weight are the most economical. - Whole tubers should be planted for early crop . -While cutting the tubers, care should be taken that each piece has 2 to 3 eyes & weights at least 25g.

5. seed rate:- 10 q/ha, 25q/ha spacing :- 45 x 15 , 50 x 20 Varieties:- Kufri Chandramukhi – Early (80-90 days Kufri Lavkar – Early maturing (75-90 days) Kufri sinduri – Late maturing (120-140 days) Early – Kufri Alankar , Kufri Shakti , Kufri Navtal , ‘ Kufri moti ’ Late – Kufri red, kufri Kissan , Varieties for hills:- Kufri joti , Kufri jeevan , Kufri naveeen , Kufri moti . New variety:- Kufri frysona:It is used for preparation of French fryies . True Potato Seed(TPS)-HPS-1/113,C-3.

6. Planting Methods:- Planting on ridges:- -Ridges are opened at a distance of 45-60cm & tubers are planted opposite on these ridges at a distance of 30 cm . -The planting is done with the help of khurpi . - Flat bed planting :- - Most common in areas having light sandy soils . -Planting of tubers is done on flat surface in very shallow furrows & planking is done.

7. Nutrient Management: FYM – 40-50 CL/ha (20-25 tones/ha ) RDF :-100:60:120 N:P:K: ( Kg/ha) Micro nutrients   - ZN -Zn deficiency – ‘ little leaf’ appears on young developing leaves, yellowing of foliage . Fe -Yellowing of leaves near the growing point of the plant. Mn - slight cupping of younger leaves, blackening of leaf Cu-Light green colour of young immature leaf blades. B -Formation of bushy plant with droopy leaves. Mo - Chlorosis  

8. Water Management :- - Total water requirement - 50-60 cm ha. -Total no of irrigation- 8-10. 1 st – immediately after planting. 2 nd – 1 week after planting. -Subsequent irrigation may be given at an interval of 6-8 days . -The irrigation water should not be salty as potato can not tolerate saline. -Most critical growth Stages for irrigations are -Germination (10-12 DAP) -Tuber initiation (30-35 DAP) -Tuber bulking (55-60 DAP)

9. Earthing up :- - Potato tubers are modified underground stems . -which synthesizes solanin , if exposed to sunlight. -It is essential to cover the tubers with soil because with chlorophyll formation, the tubers stop accumulating starch & remain smaller & the Solanin formation in green tubers results into bitter taste of tubers which is harmful if consumed . -While earthing up it is essential to loosen the soil around the plants, then fertilizer, for top dressing is mixed with soil after which ridges are prepared. -At this the roots are disturbed and partly damaged, therefore it is essential to provide one very light irrigation .

10. Weed Management :- - 1 st Two weeding - 15-20 DAP -2 nd weeding cum hoeing at the time of earthing up about 30- 35 DAP. Alachlor ( Lasso ) 50 % EC @ 2 –2.5 Kg a.i ./ha as a Pre-emergence spray. Crop rotation and mixed cropping:- - Maize/paddy/soybean – potato -Cowpea – potato – Wheat -Maize - potato – Wheat -Maize – Potato – Potato

11. Harvesting :- - There should be optimum moisture in the soil at the time of harvest . -care should be taken to avoid mechanical damages like skinning, brushing, etc. -Crop should be harvested when haulms start yellowing & falling on the ground. -At this stage haulms should be removed at ground level. -The crop should be harvested about 15 days after cutting the haulms. -Digging is done with kudali or by ploughing the field with wooden plough or by use of potato digger. - Collecte E xposed tubers. Yield:- 25 -30 tonnes /ha.