Potential of Marine renewable and Non renewable energy.pptx

To study about Potential of Marine renewable energy and non renewable energy

1. J. Bovas Joel Dr. M. G. R Fisheries college and Research Institute, Thalanaiyeru , Tamilnadu Potential of Marine renewable and non renewable energy and its impact on energy sustainability FS 215 Fishery Oceanography

2. Introduction Oceans cover over 70% of the Earth's surface , offering immense energy potential. Marine energy sources are vast, underutilized , and capable of providing a significant share of the global energy mix. Renewable: Wave energy, tidal energy, ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC), salinity gradient energy. Non-Renewable : Offshore oil and gas, methane hydrates.

3. Marine Renewable energy -Types Wave Energy: Captured from the surface motion of waves . It's abundant and continuous, making it a reliable energy source. Tidal Energy: Generated from the rise and fall of tides . It is predictable and can be harnessed using tidal stream generators or barrages. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC): Utilizes the temperature difference between warmer surface water and colder deep water to generate electricity. Salinity Gradient Energy: Exploits the energy available from the difference in salt concentration between seawater and freshwater, typically at river mouths.

4. Non-Renewable Energy 1. Offshore Oil and Gas What It Is: Extracting oil and natural gas from beneath the ocean floor. Importance: Major source of energy and economic revenue. Challenges: Risk of oil spills and environmental damage. 2. Methane Hydrates What It Is: Ice-like structures that contain methane, found under the ocean floor. Potential: Could supply a lot of energy in the future. Challenges: Difficult to extract and can be harmful to the environment if not done carefully.

5. Renewable energy - Wave energy Generation Method: Converts ocean wave energy into electricity using various technologies. Key Project: First large-scale project (150 MW) established at Vizhinjam, near Trivandrum. Current Status: Largely untapped globally, with limited exploitation beyond small-scale applications like buoys . Technology: Utilizes the up and down motion of floating devices on the ocean surface to capture wave energy.

6. Tidal Energy Generation Method: Similar to hydroelectric dams, tidal power plants hold back and release tidal water to generate electricity. Potential in India: Estimated potential of 9,000 MW, with major projects planned in areas like the Gulf of Kutch, Gujarat Natural Phenomenon: Tides are caused by the gravitational effects of the sun and moon, creating periodic water level changes that can be harnessed for power. Key Projects: A significant project costing Rs. 5000 crores is proposed for the Gulf of Kutch , utilizing the high tides for energy generation.

7. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) Heat Reservoir: Oceans, covering 70% of Earth’s surface, store large amounts of solar energy. Energy Potential: Tropical seas absorb solar radiation equivalent to 245 billion barrels of oil. OTEC Process: Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) uses temperature differences between warm surface waters and cold deeper layers to generate electricity. Heat Engine: OTEC operates a heat engine using temperature differences to produce electric power.

8. Salient gradient energy or Osmotic energy This technique produces energy from the movement of water across a membrane between a saltwater reservoir and fresh water reservoir. It is also called Salinity Gradient Energy.

9. Potential of Marine renewable energy in India Total identified potential of Tidal Energy is about 12455 MW , with potential locations identified at Khambat & Kutch regions, and large backwaters, where barrage technology could be used. The total theoretical potential of wave energy is estimated to be about 40,000 MW . This energy is however less intensive than what is available in more northern and southern latitudes. OTEC has a theoretical potential of 180,000 MW in India subject to suitable technological evolution. Ocean energy has the potential to grow fully, fuelling economic growth, reducing carbon footprint and creating jobs not only along the coasts but also inland along its supply chains.

10. Non Renewable energy –Offshore Oil and gas Extracted from beneath the ocean floor using drilling platforms. Significant global energy source with economic benefits. Environmental risks include oil spills and habitat disruption.

11. Methane Hydrates Ice-like structures containing methane found in ocean sediments. Considerable future energy potential but challenging to extract. Environmental concerns include methane release and ecosystem impacts

12. Potential of Non renewable energy in India Petroleum Pollution: About 11 million gallons of petroleum spill into the sea annually from exploration and production activities, causing environmental harm. Seafloor Petroleum: Mined for over a century, seafloor petroleum deposits are a long-used energy source extracted through traditional methods. Methane Hydrates: Methane hydrates are ice-like crystals filled with methane gas, found deep underwater and in frozen ground . They offer potential as a new energy source but are difficult to extract due to stability issues. Future Outlook: Despite challenges, petroleum remains the primary marine energy source for now. Methane hydrates could offer energy independence if technology advances. Renewable options like tidal, wave, and ocean thermal energy may one day reduce dependence on polluting fossil fuels.

13. Do you know? Oceanographers use a network of buoys and underwater sensors called DART (Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis) to detect and monitor tsunamis in real-time.

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