Potential of multiomics in infectious diseases_3.pptx

Challenges faced by african researchers to include multiomics approaches to decipher host-pathogen immune response to infectious diseases

1. KAMENI Mireille, PhD Potential of Multi-omics Approaches to Decipher Host-Pathogen Immune Response to Infectious Diseases: Challenges in African ecosystem THEME: Interdisciplinarity, digitalization and technological advancement for sustainable development Assistant Lecturer University of Bamenda Faculty of Science Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Postdoctoral Researcher Laboratory of Immunobiology and Helminths infections (IBHI) Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation /Yaoundé/Cameroon E-mail: [email protected] CAYS 2023

2. Contents: Introduction 1. Host pathogen interaction 2. Infectious Disease in Africa 3. Multi-omics Approaches 4. Challenges in Implementing Multi-omics in African Ecosystem 5. Omics studies in infectious disease research in Africa Conclusion

3. Introduction 1. Host-pathogen interaction The host–pathogen interaction is defined as how microbes or viruses sustain themselves within host organisms on a molecular, cellular, organismal or population level. Pathogens can do a variety of things to cause disease and trigger host immune system Basics for the development of effective diagnostic tools , vaccines and treatment strategies.

4. Half of all deaths in Africa are caused by infectious diseases, compared to only 2% in Europe (Fenollar et al ., 2018) 2. Infectious Diseases in Africa : prevalence and impact A threat to “ Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want. ” Endemic diseases such as HIV, TB, and malaria together account for more than 1.2 million deaths per year on the continent (O’Neill, 2014). Fig. A Map of Emerging, Re-emerging, and Other Diseases Reported to the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) in 2020 Nkengasong and Tessema, 2020

5. Limited resources Few Healthcare infrastructure and Excellence research centers specialized in Infectious diseases Diverse pathogens ( polyparasitism ) Lack of robust infection markers No approved effective vaccine Challenges 2. Infectious Diseases in Africa: challenges and solutions N eed for advanced research approaches. - Provide insight into complex immunopathology - R esearch of host regu l ators of infection and morbidity of endemic infectious diseases. - Developpe High-sensitivity diagnostic tools - Local Production of Vaccines, Therapeutic, and Diagnostics Solutions

6. 3. Multi-omics Approaches What is Multi-omics ? The key to deciphering the hidden code of infection A 360-degree view of infection # reductionist approach of older methods From understanding to personalized medicine Speed and efficiency: variability of samples types (non-invasive), rapid data generation, process large number of samples ----> importance in scenarios like disease outbreaks . Why Adopt Multi-omics ? Genomics Transcriptomics Proteomics Metabolomics Multiomics is Revolutionizing Research https://www.illumina.com/techniques/popular-applications/multiomics.html

7. 4. Challenges in Implementing Multi-omics in Africa Genetic Diversity : various populations exhibiting unique genetic traits that can influence immune responses, needs for validation studies in many countries . Limited Resources : C onstraints of cutting-edge omics technologies in Africa, Infectious Disease Burden : carefully design experiments to ensure representative of the natural disease contex . Environmental Factors : such as nutrition, sanitation, and exposure to other pathogens can consistently influence immune responses. Data integration and interpretation: lack of experts in machine learning, Artificial Intelligence, deeplearning. Capacity building : lack of training programs in bioinformatics, NGS management , lack of intracontinental collaborative projects , collaborative efforts between researchers and skateholders are essential for full potential of multi-omics. https://h3abionet.org/training/courses-and-events

8. Unit of Immunobiology and Helminth Infections (IBHI) 5. Omics studies in infectious disease research in Africa https://www.ibhi-lab.com/ Center of Excellence for Spatial Multi-Omics research in Africa (CESORA), in South Africa 1 2 https://www.ahri.org/register-now-intro-to-spatial-omics-workshop-2023/ Authors affiliation: Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria 3

9. Conclusion Multi-omics approaches in Africa have a h uge potential for future research and advancements in infectious diseases. Work together to Find innovative solutions and collaborations that make multi-omics research feasible and impactful in Africa.

10. Acknowledgement