Poultry Breeds and Breeding (1).....pptx

Breeds of poultry and breeding

1. Poultry Breeds and Breeding

2. Current Situation As of 30 September 2023, the total chicken inventory reached  202.82 million birds . This was 1.1 percent higher than the previous year’s same period count of 200.64 million birds. Population of native/improved chicken improved by 5.0 percent. Meanwhile, broiler chicken and layer chicken stocks reported reductions of 2.0 percent and 1.0 percent, respectively.  

3. Current Situation Distribution of Total Chicken Inventory as of September 30, 2023

4. The Origin of Chicken

5. Breeds of Chicken based on its Utility

6. Egg Class The breed belonging to this class is characterized by their comparatively small size. They lay large white-shelled eggs, very active and nervous in temperament. They are non-sitters. Examples: Leghorn, Minorcas , Anconas , Mikawa

7. 2. Meat Class Large breed, slow in movement, quiet and gentle in disposition. Generally poorer egg layers and generally lay brown shelled eggs. Examples are: Brahmas, Cochin, Langshans , Cornish, White Rock

8. 3. General Purpose Class Breeds of chickens in this class are medium sized, good layers and the young are fast growers They are not as nervous as the egg class but much more active than the meat class. Examples: Lancaster, Nagoya, Cantonese, New Hampshire, Rhode Island Red

9. 4. Fancy Class Breeds with beautiful plumage or form of having a rare unusual appearance. Most of them raised chiefly has ornamentals or pets by Hobbyists, regardless of their value as source of food

10. 5.Fighting Class These are groups of chickens now developed by national and international aficionados in this game.

11. List of Philippine Native Chicken Banaba From Batangas Province, Calabarzon Bolinao Found in Pangasinan Province, Ilocos Region Camarines From Bicol Region. Used for cock Fighting

12. List of Philippine Native Chicken Darag From Panay Island, Visayas Paraoakan or Parawakan From Palawan in MIMAROPA Regions ( Black, used for cock fighting)

13. Breeds of Quail

14. QUAIL ( Coturnix coturnix) A collective name for several genera of mid-sized birds generally placed in the order galliformes . Very suitable for commercial production of both meat and eggs. Females (150-180 g) heavier than the males (120- 130g) Marketing age – 5 weeks Age at sexual maturity- starts laying eggs 6-7 weeks of age. Produces 280 eggs per year Egg weight 9-10g Male quail – the breast is usually narrow and covered with equally distributed brown and white feathers. Female quail- has a broad breast covered with brown feathers with black dots.

15. DUCKS Duck is common name for numerous species in the waterfowl family. Ducks are mostly aquatic birds, mostly smaller than swans and geese, and may be found in both fresh water and sea water. I ncubation Period-35 days (other ducks 28 days) Duck 2.2 to 3.1 kg. Drake 4.5-6.4 kg. Hardy, good foragers and disease resistant.

16. Types of ducks in the Philippines 1. Native Ducks/ Itik The native Pateros duck commonly called itik, is the most popular raised locally. Although smaller than imported breed of ducks, they are good layers and non sitters. This type of ducks produce large eggs.

17. 2. Khaki Campbell Duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) Ducks were introduced in the turn of the century, and is a cross between mallard, Rouen and runner ducks. This type of duck has characteristic brown color, have extremely active habits, do well in good range and show a little desire for swimming .

18. 3. Indian Runner This breed originated from the east indies but its egg production capability was developed in western Europe. This duck assumes very erect normal postures which are almost straight neck. The back is long, straight and narrow. An adult drake weighs about 2.10kg while an adult duck weigh about 1.8 kg.

19. 4. Muscovy duck/Pato The Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) is a large duck native to Mexico, Central and South America. It was easily identified by its carunculated face or red, knobby nodules along the eyes and above the base of the bill. Muscovy is a heavy breed. It has plump blood and yellow skin.

20. 5. Pekin Duck I t is a native in China belonging to the meat type of ducks. Sometimes it is mistaken for goose because it carries its body rather upright. A pekin duck is docile and well adapted to local Philippine Climate. Pekin ducks are good layers and duckling are ready for market at 2 to 3 months old.

21. BREEDS OF TURKEYS 1. Broad Breasted Large White The breed was developed from crosses of the broad breasted bronze and the white Holland. The color of the plumage is white and males/tom has a black beard. The shanks, feet and beak are white to pinkish white and the throat wattle is red. White turkeys can stand hot better than the dark turkeys.

22. 2. Broad Breasted Bronze This breed has black plumage and dark colored pinfeather. The females have white tips on the black breast feathers. The beard is black in males but females normally have no beards. The Shanks and feet are black on young turkeys and change to pinkish color at maturity. The beak is light at the tip and dark at the base. The broad breasted bronze is the largest among the turkey varieties. This breed produces fewer eggs with lower fertility and hatchability because the heavy males are not good breeders.

23. 3. Beltsville Small White. This breed was developed by United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). It is similar to the broad breasted large white in color 4.5 kg smaller than the broad breasted bronze varieties.

24. 4. American Bronze Also called bronze and “unimproved bronze” was bred from stock imported to America by colonialists and Eastern Wild Turkeys - admitted to standard. The “unimproved” in the name indicates that this type of bird was the foundation stock along with Jesse Throssels Sheffield Bronze Turkeys, which became the broad breasted bronze. Hen is 16 lbs., tom is 25 lbs. under one year of age.

25. BREEDS OF GEESE 1. Toulouse This breed originated in France. The color of the plumage is dark grey with a white at the abdomen. It has a fold of skin (dewlap) that hangs down from the throat at the upper end of the neck. It has a pale orange bill, deep reddish-orange shanks and toes and dark brown hazel eyes. The adult gander weighs about 11.8 kg. and the adult female about 9.1 kilogram.

26. 2. Embden This is a white breed that originated in Germany. The weight of this breed is similar to the Toulouse .

27. 3. Chinese This breed was originated in China and it exists in two varieties: white and brown. The breed has knob on its beak. The adult gander weighs about 5.4 kilogram and the female weighs 4.5 kilogram. Breed is popular as an exibition .

28. 4. Pilgrim T he gander is white in color and the hen geese are gray and white. The adult gander weighs about 6.4 kilogram and the adult female goose weighs 5.9 kilograms.

29. 5. African T he African goose is gray with a brown shade in color. It has knob on its beak and has dewlap. The knob and bill are black, with dark brown and light brown head. The gander weighs 9.1 kg and the adult female goose weighs 8.2 kilograms .

30. SYSTEMS OF POULTRY BREEDING

31. SYSTEMS OF BREEDING Whether a male or female bird can be kept for breeding purpose or not is determined largely by the kind of progeny (young ones) they produce. This is true regardless of the character involved. A male whose dam (mother) had a high record of egg production mated to a female with a high egg production record frequently produces daughters that lay prolifically (in large amounts). The results secured from a given mating are determined largely by the genetic contribution of the birds mated rather than by their physical appearance. The breeding systems can be classified depending on whether it is aimed to increase homozygosity or heterozygosity into random mating, inbreeding (breeding for increased homozygosity) and outbreeding (breeding for increased heterozygosity).

32. A ) Random Mating Mating of individual without any selection. This is used in developing a control population which is required to compare and measure the effects of other breeding systems. Control population also helps to estimate the effects of the environment which in turn, helps to estimate the true genetic gain through any breeding method .

33. B ) Inbreeding It is defined as mating between individuals which are more closely related to each other than the average relationship between all individuals in a population. Inbreeding can be consistently carried out for several generations. There are 3 distinct methods: a) Close inbreeding: Mating between sibs and parents and progeny. Full sib mating and back crossing of the progeny to the younger of the parents are often practiced. b) Line breeding: This is inbreeding with an ancestral line and is the most intensive form of back-crossing. Line breeding is back crossing to the same parent for several generations in succession.

34. C ) Outbreeding This is the opposite of inbreeding in the sense that the relationship of the individuals which are mated is less close than the average relationship within the population. Mating between strains or inbred lines are the forms of outbreeding. The methods of out breeding (cross breeding) are outlined below: a) Single or 2-way cross: Two different populations (inbred lines, strains or breeds) are crossed to produce a first filial (F1) generation which is purely for commercial purpose but not for breeding. F1 here usually exhibits hybrid vigour especially when inbred lines are involved. When two inbred lines of the same breed are crossed, the progeny is said to be in crossbred.

35. b) Three-way cross: In this method, F1 crossbred females (AB) are mated to males of a third line (C), to obtain a F2 progeny (ABC). c) Four way cross: Two different single crosses (AB and CD) are crossed to obtain ABCD. This is usually practiced in poultry breeding for crosses between inbred lines of low viability since only a relatively small number of animals of the lines A, B, C, D need to be maintained .

36. METHODS OF MATING a) Pen mating A single male is segregated with a group of females in a pen during the breeding season. This requires marginally more labour. Number of females that can be allowed with a male (referred to as mating ratio) is 10 to 12 in case of Leghorn (Egg type birds) and 6 to 8 in case of meat type birds. Pedigreeing is possible both on sire’s (father) as well as on dam’s (mother) side. However, if Pedigreeing is done only on dam’s side, multiple male mating can be employed in a larger pen.

37. b) Stud mating The males are usually confined at all times to small individual pens (stud) within the large laying pen. The female is held in the stud for a known period of time (till mated) after which it is removed and another is added. Two mating per week or at least once every 5 days is desirable for optimum fertility. This method requires more labour and is rarely practiced now-a-days.

38. c) Artificial Insemination Artificial Insemination (AI) is the technique by which seminal fluid (semen) of male is introduced or deposited into the female reproductive tract by a pipette. One cock will yield about 0.5 to 1.0 ml of semen depending upon the body weight. About 0.05 to 0.10 ml of semen is enough to inseminate one hen. This technique of mating is having many advantages and few disadvantages .