Poverty.pptx

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1. CAUSES OF POVERTY  

2. The cause of poverty lie in the institutional and social factors that mark the life of the poor. The poor are deprived of quality education and are unable to acquire skills which enable them to earn better incomes. Moreover, access to health care is denied to poor. The main victims of caste, religious, and other discriminatory practices are poor.

3. The important causes of poverty are: POPULATION EXPLOSION :   Rapid   growth of population, particularly among the poor, is responsible for the problem of poverty in the country. It is obvious that when total national income is thinly spread over a large number of people, the per capita income is bound to be low. LOW LEVEL OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT:  The Indian economy is highly underdeveloped due to relative backwardness of agricultural and industrial sectors. Due to widespread bottlenecks in infrastructural facilities and slow pace of development ,25% of population are below poverty line.

4. 3. POOR STATE OF AGRICULTURE : Agriculture in India has continued to be backward due to use of primitive methods of production and fragmented small land holdings. 4. HIGH ILLITERACY RATE :  The weaker sections of society have to keep up low paid jobs due to lack of knowledge.  5 .  HIGH LEVEL OF UNEMPLOYMENT :   A  large section of urban poor India are largely the overflow of the rural poor who migrate to urban areas in search of employment and a livelihood.             

5. 6. HIGH LEVEL OF INDEBTEDNESS : Unemployment or under employment and the casual nature of work compels people to borrow money, that too at high at higher interest rates. 7. INEQUALITIES OF INCOME : The unequal distribution of income and assets has also led to the persistence of poverty. 8. INFLATION : The steep and continuous rise in prices, particularly of essential commodities has added to the miseries of the poor. Sharp rise in prices and negligible change in monetary income has decreased the purchasing poor of low-income earners and resulted in lower standard of living.

6. GOVERNMENT'S APPROACH TO POVERTY REDUCTION GROWTH ORIENTED APPROACH POVERTY ALLEVIATION PROGRAMMES MINIMUM NEEDS PROGRAMME

7. GROWTH ORIENTED APPROACH This approach was initiated from the first five-year plan. This approach is based on an expectation that effects of economic growth would spread to all sections of the society and will trickle down to the poor section also. Population growth resulted in a very low growth in per capita income. There was unwillingness and inability to redistribute land. The benefits of economic growth did not trickle down to the poor. POVERTY ALLEVIATION PROGRAMMES This approach has been initiated from the third five-year plan and progressively enlarged since then. The government has introduced a variety of programmes for reduction of poverty.

8. MINIMUM NEEDS PROGRAMME This approach has been initiated from the fifth five-year plan. It aims to provide minimum basic amenities to the people. India was among the pioneers in the world to visualize that people's living standard could be improved through public expenditure on social consumption needs. There are three major programmes that aim at improving the food and nutritional status of the poor are :  Public Distribution System. Integrated Child Development Scheme. Midday Meal Scheme.