Power line communication

1. Project Report

2. Power line Communication is the technology that
enables the transmission of data over power line that
carries and supplies electric power.
Replacing the slow data transmission rate with only
one-way communication, the emerging PLC
technology has brought wider bandwidth with two-
way communications.
PLC is a kind of communication technology, which
uses Medium Voltage(MV) & Low Voltage(LV)
distribution network as the communication media to
implement transmission of data, voice and real time
image

3. The carrier can communicate voice and data
by superimposing an analog signal over the
standard 50 or 60 Hz alternating current (AC).

4. Through the use of simple adapters, powerline communications
is easy to set up, and even easier to use. The technology uses
the electrical wiring already in your home to turn any electrical
power outlet into a high speed Internet and home network
connection.
It can be used easily as it-
Has no more wires, just plug in
Shares your Internet connection
Moves your computer and appliances where you want
Easy to install and use
Has secure data-encryption
One wire offers both power and your high-speed
communications needs

5. Wireless Is Excellent for Laptops and Mobile
Applications, but Why Choose powerline
Communications Over Wireless Technologies?
 More reliable for streaming media
 Faster speeds with fewer dropouts
 Whole-home coverage
 Greater security
 Setup takes just a few minutes - just plug in

6. Communications Background
In order to better understand PLC, the following section
provides an overview of a general communications
system.
There are two main applications for power line
communication –
 one for broadband Internet access to the home
other for home and office networking.
This work focuses on using power lines for home and
office networking

7. Communications System Model

8. Source and Destination
The source can be any digital source of information.
If the source is analog such as speech, then an analog
to digital converter must precede the transmitter.
At the receiving end, the decoded information is
delivered to the destination
Source Coding
Source encoder compress redundant data, which
minimizes the number of bits transmitted over the
channel, but can also create a loss of source
information.
At source decoder data is unpacked to either an exact
replica of the source information (lossless data
compression) or a distorted version (lossy data
compression).

9. Channel Coding
In order to reduce the bit error probability the channel
encoder adds redundancy (extra control bits) to the bit
sequence in a controlled way.
When an error appears in the bit stream the extra
information may be used by the channel decoder, to
detect, and possibly correct, the error.
 Modulator and Demodulator
 The purpose of the modulator is to take the encoded data
and produce an analog signal suitable to propagate over
the channel.
The data is converted from a stream of bits into an analog
signal.

10. At the receiver, the demodulator tries to detect which
waveform was transmitted, and convert the analog
information back to a sequence of bits.
 Channel
The channel can be any physical transmission medium
including coaxial cable, twisted pair, optical fibre, air,
water, or for this work - the power line.
It is important to know the characteristics of the channel,
such as the attenuation and noise level because these
parameters directly affect the performance of the
communication system.

11. ADVANTAGES
No more wires, just plug in
Share your Internet connection

Move your computers and appliances where you want

Easy to install and use high transmission rate, right now 3
Mbps (up to 30 times faster than ISDN) in uploading and
downloading with speeds of 100 Mbps possible

Secure data-encryption

Utilizes existing power source for all your
communications needs

12. Limitations
 Electro-Magnetic Radiation Issues
 Addressing issue
 Security
 Noise interference
 Regulatory and standardization issues

13. Without new wires, powerline communications can
be used to bring high-speed connectivity to:
All the rooms in your home
WiFi Hotspots
Multi Tenant / Multi Dwelling Units
Campuses
Schools
Hotels and Hospitality Suites

14. High-speed digital Internet
Fast and secure whole-house connectivity to the Internet
for surfing, email, gaming, internet television, connecting
your TiVo, etc.
Whole-house Audio
New and elegantly designed whole-house audio systems
can provide music in every room in an existing house.
These systems can also connect to your favorite Internet
radio stations and music services - forever changing how
you listen to music.

15. Security & Monitoring
Surveillance systems with both visual and motion
detectors that can be monitored by you and a security
service - with no new wiring. From any power outlet, you
can monitor your children and the people you love who
may need regular help.
Smart Homes
Remote maintenance and in-house control of internet-
enabled household appliances like refrigerators, heating
systems, smoke and fire alarm systems.
Internet Telephony
Powerful telephone connection using the internet that
offers security and good speech quality. You can even
send and receive fax messages
Smart Grid is another concept that utilizes powerline
communications digital signals to help make the most
efficient use of our electricity resources and keep the
world a greener place.

16. AMR(AUTOMATED METER READING)
 AMR is a system used for remote reading of electric
consumer meters
 Visual inspection of meters is time consuming and labor-
intensive.
 It was first tested 30 years ago conducted by AT&T in
cooperation with a group of utilities and Westinghouse
 In India the AMR technique is yet to be introduced and
may take some time due to the weak financial condition
of the State Electricity Boards.
 Power line communication can provide the channel for
AMR data transmission without use of any extra cabling

17. Methods of Theft
Direct hook up from the overhead transmission line
Using the mechanical objects
Using a fixed magnet
Using the external phase before meter terminals
Switching the energy cables at the meter connector
box

18. SOLUTION

19.  subscribers between two poles can be taken as a area
comprising of approximately 20-30 homes at most
 An area energy meter will be installed at one of the pole and
that particular area energy meter will be based on the PLCC
technique
The reading from all the meters from an area is compared in the
host PLC unit with the reading from that particular areas
energy meter. By this method we can get the information
regarding the default area and will than confiscate this area
easily.
 This scheme saves the cost of individual energy chip meter

20. Thank You
Submitted By – Engineers Way
http://www.erway.in