power plant engineering

power plant engineering for undergrauate engineering student

1. POWER PLANT ENGINEERING NME:801 Presented by MD GULFARAZ ALAM Assistant professor JETGI Barabanki jahangirabad institute of technology

2. Introduction The entire world is in the grip of energy crisis and cost of energy and uncomforted due to increase in pollution as well as the depletion of conventional energy resources A power plant is assembly of systems or subsystems to generate electricity. It is commonly accepted that the standard of living increases with increasing energy consumption per capita. A power plant may be defined as a machine or assembly of equipment that generates and delivers a flow of mechanical or electrical energy. jahangirabad institute of technology

3. Power and energy Power is the rate of doing work, which equals energy per time. Energy is the capacity for doing work, generating heat, and emitting light. Electricity is the most convenient and versatile form of energy . jahangirabad institute of technology

4. Sources of energy jahangirabad institute of technology

5. review of thermodynamic cycles jahangirabad institute of technology

6. fuels and combustion calculations. There are many types of fuels Uranium Coal Diesel Combustion calculation depends on fuels calorific value. And chemical reactions. UO2 + 4HF = 2HzO + UF4 jahangirabad institute of technology

7. Load estimation, load curves Load curve shows the value of a specific load for each unit of the period covered. It is a curve showing the variation of power with time. jahangirabad institute of technology

8. terms and factors involved in power plant calculations jahangirabad institute of technology

9. Effect of variable load on power plant operation In addition to the effect of variable load on power plant design, the variable load conditions impose operation problems also, when the power plant is commissioned. In a steam power plant, the variable load on electric generation ultimately gets reflected on the variable steam demand on the steam generator and on various other equipments. The operation characteristics of such equipments are not linear with load, so, their operation becomes quite complicated. jahangirabad institute of technology

10.   Selection of power plant units. jahangirabad institute of technology

11. Effect of plant type on Costs Rates Energy element Customer elements Inventors profit. jahangirabad institute of technology

12. Power plant economics and selection The capacity of a power plant depends upon the power demand The number of generating units should be so chosen that the plant capacity is used efficiently. The thermal efficiency and operating cost of a steam power plant depend upon the steam conditions such as throttle pressure and temperature. The other factor, which influences the choice of hydropower plant, is the cost of power transmission lines and the loss of energy in transmission jahangirabad institute of technology

13. Economics in plant selection The capacity of a power plant depends upon the power demand. The capacity of a power plant should be more than predicted maximum demand. The number of generating units should be so chosen that the plant capacity is used efficiently. Generating cost for large size units running at high load factor is substantially low. 13 jahangirabad institute of technology

14. Different cost of power plant Cost of fuels. Labor cost. Cost of maintenance and repairs. Cost of stores (other than fuel). Supervision. Taxes. 14 jahangirabad institute of technology

15. Effect of plant type on customer elements Capital cost of secondary distribution system and depreciation cost, taxes and interest on this capital cost. Cost of inspection and maintenance of distribution lines and the transformers. Cost of labour required for meter reading and office work. Cost of publicity. 15 jahangirabad institute of technology

16. Investor’s profit By reducing initial investment in the power plant. By selecting generating units of adequate capacity. By running the power plant at maximum possible load factor. By increasing efficiency of fuel burning devices so that cost of fuel used is reduced. By simplifying the operation of the power plant so that fewer power-operating men are required. By installing the power plant as near the load centre as possible. By reducing transmission and distribution losses. 16 jahangirabad institute of technology

17. Depreciation and replacement Depreciation accounts for the deterioration of the equipment and decrease in its value due to corrosion, weathering and wear and tear with use. (1) Straight line method (2) Percentage method (3) Sinking fund method (4) Unit method. 17 jahangirabad institute of technology

18. Considerations in plant selection Transportation Sources and costs of raw materials Prospective market for products Corporation long range planning Water source - quality and quantity Special incentive Climatic conditions Pollution requirements(Waste disposal) 18 jahangirabad institute of technology

19. Continue… Utilities - cost, quantity and reliability; fuel - costs, reliability and availability Amount of site preparation necessary(site conditions) Construction costs Operating labor Taxes Living conditions Corrosion Expansion possibilities 19 jahangirabad institute of technology

20. jahangirabad institute of technology Depreciation and replacement The following methods are used to calculate the depreciation cost: Straight line method Percentage method Sinking fund method Unit method.

21. considerations in plant selection Considerations in plant selection Regular and abundant supply of water or quantity of water Presence of lakes Location of industrial and commercial centers Transport and communication are important Demand of power Capital investment jahangirabad institute of technology

22. jahangirabad institute of technology Thank you