Power Point presentation for EDUC-110-1st-reporter.pptx

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1. GOOD AFTERNOON

2. Classical & Modern Philosophies Reported by: Shane Christine

3. Introduction Classical philosophy refers to the philosophical traditions of ancient Greece, primarily focusing on fundamental questions about reality, ethics, and politics through logical reasoning and deduction, while modern philosophy, which emerged in the 17th century, emphasizes a more empirical approach, often incorporating scientific methods and questioning traditional assumptions to analyze complex philosophical problems with a stronger focus on individual rights and the nature of knowledge; essentially, classical philosophy is more focused on foundational concepts while modern philosophy incorporates new scientific and social perspectives to examine those concepts further.

4. Classical Philosophies Classical philosophy, the foundation of Western thought, flourished in ancient Greece and Rome from the 6th century BCE to the 5th century CE. It emphasized reason, logic, and the exploration of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, ethics, and politics. Classical philosophy laid the groundwork for modern thought, shaping how we view reality, knowledge, and human existence.

5. Key figures and ideas Socrates - Known for his Socratic method of questioning, he stressed self-knowledge and critical thinking. Plato - Developed the theory of Forms, proposing a realm of perfect, unchanging ideals that the physical world reflects. Aristotle - Emphasized empirical observation and logic, creating a comprehensive system of philosophy encompassing various disciplines.

6. IDEALISM This school of thought emphasizes the primacy of mind or consciousness in shaping reality. Plato, a key figure in idealism, argued that true reality exists in the realm of Forms or Ideas, which are perfect and unchanging, while the physical world is merely a reflection of these Forms. REALISM In contrast to idealism, realism posits that reality exists independently of the mind. Aristotle, a student of Plato, was a proponent of realism, emphasizing the importance of observation and empirical study to understand the world.

7. EXISTENTIALISM This branch of philosophy explores questions of existence, meaning, and individual freedom. While its roots can be traced back to thinkers like Socrates, it flourished in the 19th and 20th centuries with figures like Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, and Sartre. Existentialists often emphasize the individual's experience of being in the world and the choices they make in the face of uncertainty and absurdity. PRAGMATISM This American philosophical tradition emphasizes the practical consequences of ideas and beliefs. Pragmatists like Charles Sanders Peirce, William James, and John Dewey argue that the meaning of an idea lies in its ability to solve problems and guide action.

8. MODERN PHILOSOPHIES Modern philosophies focus on adapting education and thought to contemporary needs, emphasizing student-centered learning, critical thinking, and societal progress. • Progressivism • Reconstructionism • Experimentalism • Existentialism • Perennialism

9. PROGRESSIVISM Progressivism is a modern philosophy. It is developed from pragmatism. It is also known as progressive education. Progressivism philosophy focuses that all learning should revolves around the child's interest and needs. Progressivists believe that individuality, progress, and change are fundamental to one's education. Believing that people learn best from what they consider most relevant to their lives, progressivists center their curricula on the needs, experiences, interests, and abilities of students. Example: John Dewey emphasized "learning by doing," promoting hands-on activities, problem-solving, and collaboration in classrooms.

10. RECONSTRUCTIONISM In 1920, John Dewey suggested the term " reconstructionism " in the title of his book, "Reconstruction in Philosophy". The educational philosophy of reconstructionism believes that the present social system should be changed and improve human conditions. Example: Paulo Freire’s "Pedagogy of the Oppressed" advocated for education as a tool for social justice and empowerment.

11. EXPERIMENTALISM Example: William James and John Dewey promoted learning through experimentation, reflection, and continuous improvement. Experimentalism is associated with experiment. John Dewey is the father of modern Experimental Education. It gives importance to actions. Life is a laboratory and all individuals are experimenting.

12. EXISTENTIALISM Example: Jean-Paul Sartre argued that people define their own purpose and meaning. Existentialism is the philosophical movement that views human existence as having a set of underlying themes and characteristics, such as anxiety, dread, freedom, awareness of death, and consciousness of existing, that are primary. That is, they cannot be reduced to or explained by a natural-scientific approach or any approach that attempts to detach itself from or rise above these themes.

13. PERENNIALISM Example: Mortimer Adler promoted the study of great works of literature, philosophy, and history to develop critical thinking. Education should focus on timeless truths, classical knowledge, and intellectual development.

14. Thank You