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1. Lecture(2) Computer Software Dr. Abdelhamid R. Khattab Sinai University (SU) Faculty of Information Technology and Computer Science (FIT) E-Mail: [email protected] (INT 1001) Introduction to Informatics

2. 12 May 2025 www.su.edu.eg 2 Lecture’s Aim Understand soft ware components of a computer Operating Systems and others Software Computer Management and Settings Hard disk , File and Folder Management Important Operating System Shortcuts Cybersecurity and Viruses Lecture Contents

3. 5/12/2025 Lecture(2) 3 Computer Software Computer software is a set of instructions telling the computer what to do . Also known as computer programs . Comparing to “ hard”ware which we can see and touch , software is intangible , thus, the name “ soft”ware . Without software, a computer is useless . Just like a vehicle , with no gasoline, you cannot run the vehicle.

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5. 5/12/2025 Lecture(2) 5 System Software includes The Operating System which governs ALL computer resources Windows is produced by Microsoft . Linux is open-source . Mac is developed by Apple . Device Drivers which control all devices connected to the system Printer Driver (GPU) Audio Driver Network Adapter USB Driver Storage Controller Webcam Driver Bluetooth Driver Scanner Driver Display Driver

6. 5/12/2025 Lecture(2) 6 2. Programming Software Developing executable program for create desktop application such as : C, C++, Objective-C, C#, Java, Visual Basic, Python, Perl, Ruby Developing dynamic web sites such as : JavaScript , PHP 3. Application Software Allows you to fulfill the purpose for which you buy a computer. For example, using Microsoft Office, dental applications, social networking, playing games, surfing the internet, working on assignments, listening to music, and organizing your photos.

7. 5/12/2025 Lecture(2) 7 Windows 10 Hardware Requirements Architecture x86 (32-bit) x86 (64-bit) Processor Processor 1 GHz or faster Processor 1 GHz or faster Memory (RAM) At least 1GB At least 2GB Graphics Card DirectX 9 graphics device with Windows Display Driver Model (WDDM) driver HDD free space At least 16GB At least 20GB What type of install do you need ? Upgrade or Custom ?

8. 9 Main tasks for windows Run the programs. Control the files Control all the Hardware .

9. 5/12/2025 Lecture(2) 9 Start up window Icons Desktop Taskbar

10. 5/12/2025 Lecture(2) 10 Customizing Desktop Background Right-click on the desktop and select Personalize . Choose Background from the menu. Select a single image, a solid color, or a slideshow as your background.

11. 5/12/2025 Lecture(2) 11 Managing Desktop Icons Right-click on the desktop and choose Personalize . Select Themes and then Desktop icon settings . Check or uncheck the boxes next to the icons to show or hide them.

12. 5/12/2025 Lecture(2) 12 Adding a Screen Saver Right-click on the desktop and choose Personalize . Navigate to Lock screen and select Screen saver settings . Choose a screen saver and set the timer for its activation.

13. 5/12/2025 Lecture(2) 13 Computer Management and Settings From Control panel Adjusting mouse settings. Managing User Accounts. Uninstalling programs using the Uninstall option. Adjusting Date and Time Changing Region and Language From This pc (my computer) Format disk Cleaning up disk space using Disk Cleanup . Fixing hard disk errors using Scan Disk. Control the files

14. 5/12/2025 Lecture(2) 14 We can open Control Panel , which is located in desktop , either directly or by searching for it within the applications, as shown in the image below. Control Panel

15. 5/12/2025 Lecture(2) 15 Adjusting mouse settings Open the Control Panel and select mouse . Adjust the mouse properties .

16. 5/12/2025 Lecture(2) 16 Managing User Accounts Change Account Picture: Open Settings and go to Accounts . Choose Your Info and click Browse for one to select an image.

17. 5/12/2025 Lecture(2) 17 Managing User Accounts Change or Remove Password: Open Settings and go to Accounts > Sign-in options . Select Password and click Change to update or remove it.

18. 5/12/2025 Lecture(2) 18 Adjusting Date and Time Open the Control Panel and select Date and Time . Adjust the time settings manually or enable automatic updates.

19. 5/12/2025 Lecture(2) 19 Changing Region and Language Open the Control Panel and select Region . Set your location and preferred language.

20. 5/12/2025 Lecture(2) 20 The contents of this PC Title Bar Control Box Hard Disk Drives We can move window from this bar يعنى نسحب الصفحه المفتوحه وننقلها فى اى مكان

21. 19 Control the hard disk Right click at any partition of Hard disk. Select format, the format dialog box will appear Select format options. then click on start. 1- Format

22. 20 Control the hard disk Right click at any any partition of Hard disk. Select properties, then general Select disk cleanup to delete unnecessary files from the disk. 2- disk clean up

23. 21 Control the hard disk Right click at any partition of Hard disk. Select properties, then tools For scan select. For defragmentation select 3- Scan disk and defragmentation disk

24. 15 Control the files using Windows Create file Copy files. Move files. Delete files. Restore files. Search

25. 16 Create new object Open the place you want to create object on it. Right click. Select New. Select the object you want to create. (folder or shortcut or file ) Type the name of the object

26. 5/12/2025 Lecture(2) 26 Deleting Files Regular deletion: Right-click the file and choose Delete . Files will move to the Recycle Bin . Permanent deletion: Use Shift + Delete to bypass the Recycle Bin.

27. 5/12/2025 Lecture(2) 27 Searching for Files 🔍 Use File Explorer to locate files. ⚙️ Enable file extensions under File Explorer Options for advanced search. start >control panel >File Explorer options >view >hide extension for known file type Common File Extensions: 📄 Documents: . docx , .doc (Word) 📊 Spreadsheets: . xls , . xlsx (Excel) 📽 ️ Presentations: . ppt (PowerPoint) 📂 Databases: . mdb (Access) 🖼️ Images: .bmp, .gif, .jpg, .jpeg, . pcx , . pcd , . psd , . psp , .pic 🎵 Audio & Video: .mp3, .mid, .wav, . rm , . ra , .au, . avi , . mkv , . mov , .mpg, .mpeg 📦 Compressed Files: .zip, .cap, . rar , . arj , .tar, .Z 📜 Text & PDFs: .txt, . pdf ⚙️ Executable Files: .exe

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29. 10 Run the programs using Windows Install and Uninstall programs After installing any program we can run it by: Run program from start menu . Run program from desktop ( shortcut ). Run program from run command .

30. 11 Uninstall programs Open control panel Select program. The following window will appear Select the program you want to remove it. Select remove.

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32. 5/12/2025 Lecture(2) 32 General Shortcuts: F1: Open Help F2: Rename file Ctrl + C: Copy Ctrl + V: Paste Ctrl + Z: Undo PrtSc : take a picture of the active window which is currently displayed on your monitor into the clipboard Windows Key Shortcuts: Win + D: Show/hide desktop Win + L: Lock the computer Win + R: Open Run dialog Win + Tab: Switch between open applications Keyboard Shortcuts

33. 5/12/2025 Lecture(2) 33 Cybersecurity and Viruses

34. 5/12/2025 Lecture(2) 34 Computer Viruses A computer virus is an external program specifically designed to modify the characteristics of the files it infects , executing commands such as deletion, alteration, or destruction. These harmful programs are developed by skilled programmers with the intent to compromise computer systems, steal sensitive information, or gain unauthorized control over a device.

35. 5/12/2025 Lecture(2) 35 Types of Computer Viruses Malware : These are the most dangerous and widespread viruses designed to destroy system components or corrupt data storage, like hard drives or memory. Worms : Worms automatically spread across networks and infect computers, often via email. Spyware : Harmful programs that secretly install on a user’s device to monitor their activities without their knowledge. Trojan Horses : These are small programs hidden within larger applications, designed to disable user protections or alter system functions. Keyloggers : Hidden programs that track keyboard activity and send data to attackers. Malware

36. 5/12/2025 Lecture(2) 36 Computer Security Computer security, also known as information security, is a branch of technology aimed at protecting systems, data, and networks from theft, corruption, or natural disasters. Security measures ensure information remains accessible and operational for authorized users. Popular Security Programs: Avira Norton Kaspersky NOD32

37. 5/12/2025 Lecture(2) 37 Functions of Firewalls Traffic Monitoring and Filtering - This helps prevent unauthorized access and protects sensitive information. Preventing Unauthorized Access – By restricting access to networks, firewalls help block cyber threats such as hackers, malware, and unauthorized users from infiltrating systems. Protecting Against Malware and Viruses – Firewalls can detect and prevent malicious traffic, reducing the risk of viruses, worms, and other cyber threats entering a system. Regulating Internet Usage – Organizations use firewalls to restrict access to potentially harmful websites, ensuring safe browsing and protecting users from phishing attacks.

38. 5/12/2025 Lecture(2) 38 Open the Start menu and select the Power icon. Choose one of the following: Shutdown : Turns off the computer. Restart : Reboots the computer. Sleep : Puts the computer into a low-power state temporarily. Shutting Down

39. 25 Revision To install windows 10 on your computer, you required RAM with capacity …….. a) 1MB b) 3 MB c) 1 GB d) 512 MB To arrange your files on the hard disk you must create a) account b) Folders c) partitions d) files You can close any window from control box that lies at a) menu bar b) tool bar c) Title bar d) address bar You can change the calendar type from a) My Computer b) Search Window c) My Documents d) Control Panel