PowerPoint-DecisionMakingDownloadableVersion.pptx

decisions

1. Decision Making

2. Objectives To analyze the steps of the decision making process. To understand and examine problem solving methods. To apply critical thinking skills to the decision making process. To examine various factors with influences on decisions.

3. Decision Making Is the process of selecting a logical choice from the available options Is done by implementing problem-solving techniques and skills Should be done by using critical thinking Is important for management and leadership

4. Problem Solving Is needed for all decision making everyday life can present problems which must be solved effectively Requires gathering reliable information, evaluating the information for solutions and selecting an appropriate solution based on the situation develop a process think “outside of the box”

5. Problem Solving Is a tool, a skill and a process when working towards a goal as a tool it helps individuals solve a problem as a skill individuals can use it frequently throughout life as a process it involves many steps define the problem analyze the problem solve the problem

6. Problem Solving Strategies Include the following: developing a process solving a step-by-step procedure brainstorming coming up with many possible solutions and anticipating problems

7. Problem Solving Strategies Include: trial and error trying all possible solutions and ruling out those which do not work experience using solutions which have worked in the past

8. Critical Thinking Is the ability to make clear, reasonable judgments Entails effective communication and problem-solving abilities

9. Critical Thinking Is doing the following: considering logical connections between ideas identifying, constructing and evaluating opinions noticing inconsistencies and common errors in reasoning solving problems thoroughly identifying the relevance and significance of ideas reflecting on the justification of one’s own values and beliefs

10. Critical Thinking Strategies Include: identifying the elements questions which relate to goals, purposes and needs questioning synthesize facts and concepts

11. Critical Thinking Strategies Include: identifying resources determine facts and consider the value of those assets awareness goals and objectives for innovative outcomes

12. Decision Making Process Consists of the following steps: identifying the decision to be made gathering information listing all the possible alternatives of each choice weighing the evidence selecting the best choice depending on the values and priorities taking action evaluating decisions

13. Identifying the Decision Is the most important step Can be done by: defining the problem clarifying the issue deciding if solving the problem is worthwhile deciding if there are any options for making the decision

14. Consequence of Decisions Can be determined by asking, “Does the decision result in actions which….” promote health (Is it healthy) protect safety (Is it safe) follow laws (Is it lawful) show respect for myself and others (Is it respectful) follow the guidelines of my parents and teachers (Does it make my parents proud) demonstrate good character (Does it make me proud)

15. Gathering Information Can be done by: deciding what is relevant and what is not relevant to the decision deciding what needs to be known before making the decision deciding what will help make the right decision deciding if anyone can help with the situation

16. Analyzing the Situation Can be done by: using problem solving skills and critical thinking to identify the problem to be solved deciding if there are any alternative courses of action breaking a complex problem into component parts which can be analyzed and solved separately can be done by using a visual representation such as a diagram striving for accuracy and precision

17. Making the Decision Includes the following: putting a plan in place to implement the decision allocating resources to act on the decision committing to make the decision work deciding if the decision is accepted and supported by colleagues or peers executing the plan

18. Review Decisions By deciding the following: has the decision “solved” the problem identified do certain steps of the process need to be repeated in order to make a new decision is there any further developments of the decision and judgment which needs to be made

19. Demonstrating the Decision Making Process You are deciding what college to attend to become a teacher. The following steps should take place: identify if a decision needs to be made regarding what college to attend gather information on each college you would like to attend and decide what you want and need in a college list all of the possible choices you have to make such as colleges and their admission requirements as well as the pros and cons of each one

20. Demonstrating the Decision Making Process The following steps should take place: analyze all of the information you have gathered and weigh all of the evidence so you can make a decision make a choice regarding the college you would like to attend evaluate your decision and decide if any other information needs to be taken into account, such as costs, locations, etc.

21. Influences on Decision Making Include the following factors: values priorities environment peers or colleagues role models family self-image time

22. Values Are a person’s principles or standards of behavior; one’s judgment of what is important in life Influence decision making for example: if honesty is an important value, an individual may make the decision to own up to a mistake

23. Priorities Are a thing which is regarded as more important than another if an individual puts family before work the person may decide to turn down a job promotion due to time constraints, stress, etc.

24. Environment Is the combination of surroundings, conditions or influences such as: neighborhood in which an individual was raised in or family culture Influences decision making for example: what to wear relies largely on the environment including the weather, culture, or the nature of the surroundings a person would dress differently if traveling to a business meeting rather than to the movies

25. Peers or Colleagues Can influence decisions by motivating individuals to do the following: volunteer for community and social events participate in sports or clubs work harder if a friend is making straight A’s it may motivate the person to try harder in school

26. Role Models Can affect decisions by being a positive person in the individual's life helping a person face situations where they will be forced to make a decision on a course of action making the right choice about drugs and alcohol

27. Family Can influence decisions for example: choosing a career using money having children if a person is just starting a family, they may choose a job with little or no travel

28. Self-Image Is the idea one has of one’s abilities, appearance and personality Can influence decision making for example: if a person see themselves as a natural athlete, they are much more likely to join a team

29. Time Can influence the decision making process for example: if a person is running late to school, they may decide to skip breakfast

30. Responsibilities of Decision Making Include: considering all outcomes positive negative neutral considering who will be affected considering how it will affect others

31. Strategies for Responsible Decision Making Include: avoiding impulse decisions avoiding procrastination seeking help when needed considering the potential results of decision

32. Strategies for Responsible Decision Making Include: accepting the responsibility for decisions listing alternative decisions before deciding making a plan to help generate a satisfying decision

33. Poor Decision Making Methods Include: impulse go with first reaction a person spending money on a whim escape avoidance of a decision for fear of negative consequence a student cannot decide which colleges to apply to and waits for application deadlines to pass

34. Poor Decision Making Methods Include: compliance lets someone else decide; handing over control a student allowing a parent to make a decision agony consider every detail of every option over and over again a person spending excessive time resources and energy making a decision

35. Poor Decision Making Methods Include: procrastination delaying or postponing the decision a student cannot decide what to do their school project on, they may wait until the night before the project is due to start play it safe choose the alternative with the lowest level of risk a student signing up for the easiest classes they can find regardless of interest

36. Emotional Blocks Which hinder decision making include: stagnation to stop developing, growing, progressing or advancing fear of failure making a wrong decision which may affect an individual's chance at succeeding in a job fear of success having the fear of “getting your hopes up” or thinking “you do not deserve success”

37. Resources The Curriculum Center for Family and Consumer Sciences. Texas Tech University. http://www.hs.ttu.edu/ccfs Ulrich-Hagner, Linda, Margaret Andrews and Mary Stang-Cooke. Decisions in Action. 1988. Cincinnati: South-Western Publishing Co. Hecklinger, Fred J. and Bernadette M. Black. Training for Life: A Practical Guide to Career and Life Planning. 1994. Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co Cherry, Kendra. Problem-Solving. 2014 http://psychology.about.com/od/cognitivepsychology/a/problem-solving.htm Pictor, Rachel. How to Foster Critical Thinking & Problem Solving Skills. http://www.ehow.com/how_7885732_foster-thinking-problem-solving-skills.html

38. Acknowledgements Production Coordinators Treena Aston, Leah Richardson, Amy Hogan, Stevi Huffaker Brand Manager Megan O’Quinn V.P. of Brand Management Clayton Franklin Executive Producer Gordon W. Davis, Ph.D. ©MMXV CEV Multimedia, Ltd.