POWERPOINTEnglish B_DP_WRITING_TYPES_ALL.pptx

All text types in one slide

1. Opinion Essays Structure: Introduction : State the topic and your opinion clearly. Main Body: Viewpoint 1 + justification + examples Viewpoint 2 + justification + examples Viewpoint 3 + justification + examples Opposing viewpoint + examples + a refute Conclusion: Restate opinion ( using different words)

2. Points to Consider: 1. Decide whether you agree or disagree with the subject of the topic , then make a list of your viewpoints and reasons. 2. Start each paragraph with a topic sentence. 3. Use the right linking words.

3. 4. Apply the following techniques for beginnings and endings: a. Make reference to an unusual scene/ situation/idea. Ex: “Imagine millions of people coming home from school or work everyday to sit staring at a wall for four hours.”

4. b. Address the reader directly. Ex: “You may think this is an exaggeration.” c. Ask a rhetorical question. Ex: “ Have you ever wondered what the world would be like without cars?” d. Start/End with a quotation. e. Give the reader something to consider. Ex: “Perhaps then people will reconsider what it is like to actually communicate with each other.”

5. 5. Use formal register: - Use passive voice / impersonal constructions It is argued that…. - Use advanced vocabulary heated debate / controversial issue - Use formal linking words furthermore / however /nonetheless - Use complex sentences

6. English is the only foreign language worth learning.

7. The 3rd most spoken language in the world after Chinese and Spanish. 370 million native English speakers all around the world. The language of technology , science and international business. A condition to get a good job. Easy to learn.

8. Learning any language breaks the language barrier between people. Speaking two or more languages opens up employment opportunities. Deeper understanding of foreign cultures. Some other important languages spoken by millions of people: Spanish ,Chinese, Arabic and French. No language is superior to another because they all serve the same purpose.

9. For and Against Essays A for/against essay is a formal piece of writing in which a topic is considered from two opposing points of view. You should present both sides in a fair way by discussing them objectively and in equal detail .

10. Structure 1: Introduction: State the topic (do not give your opinion) Main Body: 1. Argument for + justification + examples/reasons 2. Argument for + justification + examples/reasons 3. Argument against + justification +examples/reasons Conclusion: one’s opinion

11. Structure 2: Introduction: State the topic (do not give your opinion) Main Body: 1. Argument for + justification + examples/reasons 2. Argument against + justification + examples/reasons 3. Argument against + justification +examples/reasons Conclusion: one’s opinion

12. Structure 3: Introduction: State the topic (do not give your opinion) Main Body: 1. Argument for + justification + examples/reasons 2. Argument against + justification + examples/reasons 3. Argument for and against + justification +examples/reasons Conclusion: balanced argument

13. Useful Expressions : First , In the first place, One major advantage of… is… The first main , most serious advantage .. One argument in favour of … It is widely / claimed / generally / suggested / that argued / believed / On the other hand /however/ Nevertheless Opponents of … argue /believe /claim To conclude / to sum up / all in all

14. Prompt It has been a controversial topic that technology is taking over our lives. This topic has been discussed in-class. Your teacher asked you to send her an e-mail in which you discuss the pros and cons of technology and how it is affecting our lives. Do not forget to state your opinion.

15. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of being a member of a clique in a high school.

16. Proposals A proposal is a formal , informative piece of writing which outlines plans and/or suggestions for a future course of action , and is submitted for approval by a relevant authority. The general purpose of any proposal is to persuade the reader to do something.

17. A good proposal should consist of : A Header : To : ……….. From: ………….. Subject: …………. Date: …………… An introduction in which you state the purpose and content of your report. A main body in which each aspect should be presented under separate subheading. A conclusion in which you summarize all points mentioned above and, if necessary , express one’s opinion.

18. Useful language To begin a proposal: The purpose/ aim/ intention of this report is to outline/ present/ discuss the future plans/ the intended course of action… This report is submitted in support of our request for approval of…/ for permission to…../ for a loan to allow us to….. This report contains the (relevant) information/ details of / concerning….which you requested / asked for This report contains details of/ outlines our plans/ intentions concerning To end a proposal: To conclude /to sum up / in conclusion/ our intention is to The advantages of the approach proposed would be that….. I feel certain/ believe that the course of action proposed above will achieve… / meet with success / answer the needs of the company. I hope / trust that the plan / scheme outlined / presented in this report meets with your approval/ will receive your serious consideration.

19. Common Errors: Long sentences with no appropriate punctuation. (E.g., an intro. that is 1 undivided sentence) Not using relevant transitions that organize the argument and present a coherent flow of ideas. Sounding impolite in presenting the problem. (Negative tone) Forgetting the header. Awkward expressions. You don’t sound like you are convinced.

20. Your CAS coordinator wants to hold an event for the aid of those affected by the recent Turkey-Syria earthquake, so you were asked for your input. You have some ideas to suggest. Write a text in which you present the ideas(s), then elaborate on what is needed to implement them, and how those in need will benefit from them. The gym that you go to has been losing costumers a lot recently. You also are considering leaving that gym, but you know that if they make a few changes, people might stay. Write a text to the management in which you layout the problem, suggest these changes, and how it might be done.

21. Sample Proposal Proposal for new whiteboards at the Aziza School, Phnom Penh Cambodia Introduction I am writing to seek sponsors to solve a simple but recurring problem at the Aziza school where I recently volunteered as a classroom teacher. The Aziza School provides supplementary education for marginalized Cambodian communities. The school is located in the slums of Tonle Bassac in Phnom Penh, the capital of Cambodia. It has been providing free English lessons, leadership training, computer training, life skills, and medical services to nearly 250 young people since May 2005. Objective the problem is that the whiteboards in all five classrooms are very old and teachers cannot use them effectively anymore. Students and teachers continually become frustrated because it is difficult to write on them. For a school without adequate numbers of textbooks, whiteboards are crucial for effective learning. The school would like to replace the whiteboards for each classroom, so that the teachers have writing surfaces that work well so that students aged 6-16 are able to learn much more efficiently.

22. Statement of Need There are currently 247 students at the Aziza School. These students occupy 5 classrooms each day. The current whiteboards have been in the classrooms since the opening of the school in 2005. They do not work well because they have been in use for so long. As a result they can no longer be cleaned and anyway the poor lighting makes it difficult for the students to read what the teachers have written on the damaged surface of the boards. None of these classrooms has a whiteboard that works well; due to their extensive use it is now impossible to clean the boards for each new lesson. It can take an average of ten minutes to remove the latest layer of writing all before we can start teaching. This time takes away a great deal from lesson time. Because of the length of time it takes to clean a whiteboard, the teachers have continuous interruptions in their lessons. Almost all classroom learning at the school requires a whiteboard, and it is difficult to get anything done without this basic classroom tool.

23. Solution I propose that we purchase new whiteboards for each classroom. They can be replaced quickly, cheaply and effectively. There are many suppliers of whiteboards in the city and I am certain we can obtain a very competitive price. Therefore, I propose to purchase 5 whiteboards on behalf of the Aziza school. The old boards can be recycled for displays of students work. Budget New 2m x 1m whiteboards cost $30.00 each . Moreover, I am sure we can obtain a small discount if purchasing five or more , reducing the total cost to $147.50. Some whiteboards cost less than this price, but on the recommendations of others, I believe that purchasing a middle-priced whiteboard will be a wise and suitable choice. There will be no transport costs as teachers will be able to collect directly from the local supplier or manufacturer.

24. Conclusion I think purchasing new whiteboards for each classroom would be a tremendous benefit to the Aziza School. It would put and end to the constant frustration of teachers and students losing lesson time and would drastically improve the quality of learning. If you would like to donate please give your contribution to Annie Ang in Senior School Section. I thank you in advance for considering contributing to this important purchase.

25. What a teacher wears and how he /she carries himself /herself will have a strong impact on the students. It is crucial for teachers to use appropriate attire that is formal and comfortable. Write a proposal to your school principal suggesting a dress code for all teachers at Amman Academy. You may like to include a dress code for PE teachers, male / female staff members… etc

26. Articles are found in magazines and the non-news sections of newspapers. They are not concerned with events that are in the news but instead can explore a range of issues, opinions, experiences, and ideas. Thus they can offer an opinion about current affairs, but they can also simply present a personal or humorous perspective on modern day life. Either way, article writers go beyond just giving the facts on the surface and add color, descriptive detail, background, and personal comment. Articles then can inform, entertain and persuade , or may simply satisfy the readers’ curiosity about a particular topic

27. Articles are written to give information “e.g. news reports” or express opinions” e.g. argumentative articles . They can be either formal or informal depending on the audience and the topics .

28. A good article consists of : a) An eye-catching headline which suggests the topic of the article that follows . b) An interesting introduction. c) A main body consisting of three paragraphs in which the topic is presented in detail. Each paragraph should have a subheading and deal with one aspect of the topic . d) A conclusion which gives an appropriate ending to the article .

29. Points to consider Decide on the style of the article before you start writing . Always think of a short , clear , appropriate headline . Avoid using simplistic adjectives ( good, nice, bad, etc. ) .

30. Points to consider Always try to use more sophisticated vocabulary instead. ( splendid , gorgeous, awful ,etc.) Address the reader in the second person “you” if the topic and the style permit this .

31. How to write headlines ? Use the present simple tense to describe events which happened very recently . Omit the verb “Be” when using the passive voice to describe a past event . (president defeated). Write “to be + past participle” when using the passive voice to describe a future event (Hospital to be opened by Queen ). Omit articles .

32. How to write headlines ? Put Nouns one after the other as in : “ worldwide exam anxiety ” . Avoid using prepositions . Use abbreviations like : US , UN, NATO .

33. Prompt Test anxiety is a worldwide phenomenon that occupies all students minds. Write an article to be published in your school magazine in which you discuss the problem, its causes, symptoms , and solutions . *Word count 250-400 .

34. Writing an Interview In writing an interview , keep the following points into consideration: Start with an eye-catching title. The beginning paragraph should explain who the person is that you are interviewing--- what they do, where they live, and why they are being interviewed. The place and time of the interview could be also added. Interview questions , in general , fall within three categories. The first type of questions help to establish who the interviewee is with questions such as where they lived, where they went to college. The second type will help you get to the meat of what the interview is all about.( open ended questions). The third type cover personal questions: You might want to ask about less sensitive topics first and then move to specifics. The interview could be concluded by thanking the interviewee

35. Prompt Pick a personality you admire and who has suffered discrimination, yet had managed to overcome such obstacles. The person chosen could be historical or contemporary but their story should be one of courage in the face of discrimination. If you had the opportunity to interview this hero, what questions would you like to put to him or her? Imagine the responses and write the interview. Later write an article based on this interview to be published in your school’s magazine.

36. Writing an Article Based on an Interview You may need to consider the following points to write an article based on an interview: 1. Prepare interview questions / collect information on the interviewee. 2. Start with an eye- catching title. 3. Write an introduction about the interviewee ; who they are, their achievements ,why have they been interviewed …etc.

37. 4. Choose a perspective; Literal : Write down the questions, followed by literal or only slightly rephrased answers. Hybrid : Leave out the questions and combine narrative statements with direct quotes. ex: John is content with his job. “ I like being a truck driver.” Narrative: Describe what the interviewee says in the third person. ex: When I asked about his job ,he said he likes truck driving.

38. 5. Rephrase the answers. Remember: Rephrase but don’t change the message. 6. Make it attractive. 7. End it with a quote / general comment on the interviewee.

39. Letters of Apology

40. Purpose They are usually written to reply to a letter of complaint. The purpose of writing them is to explain the reasons for the problems stated in the letter of complaint and to ensure that the situation will be resolved/ improved. You may also offer some form of compensation. Usually written in a formal style and polite tone.

41. Layout Introduction: opening remarks and reasons for writing (i.e. apologize) Main Body : Paragraphs 1+2 – give explanations Paragraph 3: suggest compensation Conclusion: closing remarks

42. Useful Language Opening remarks: I am writing to apologize for…/offer my apologies for… Please accept my/our sincere apologies/ profuse apologies for (the unavoidable delay, etc) I must/would like to apologize for (the unfortunate confusion, etc).

43. To introduce new points in the main body: With regards to/ As regards… As far as…is / are concerned… Firstly/ First of all/Secondly/Second of all/Finally, …

44. To emphasize what you say: Clearly/Obviously/Needless to say, … To express reality: In fact/ As a matter of fact/ Actually/ Indeed ,… Making amends: Please allow me to offer. Suggest… as compensation (for…). I insist on (+ ing ) to make up for your loss/inconvenience, etc .

45. Closing remarks Once again, my/our sincere apologies for the inconvenience caused. I hope that you will accept my apologies/ that my apologies will be accepted. I hope that you can forgive/ overlook the regrettable error.

46. Prompt As the owner of a gym, you have recently received a number of complaints concerning the state of the changing rooms, the bad condition of equipment and overcrowded classes. Write a letter apologizing for these problems, explaining the reasons and giving details of what you intend to do to rectify the situation

47. Formal letters Letters of complaint

48. Formal Style Formal greetings and endings Formal Language: - Complex sentence: (Having spoken to the manager in person, I still feel my requests have not been satisfied.) - Non-colloquial English: (Please keep me informed regarding any further developments) - Advanced vocabulary: (I feel it is appropriate to explain to you some of the practices which are enforced throughout all our branches.)

49. - Frequent use of the passive: (A two week package holiday to the picturesque village of St Martin's is being offered by our agency for only $3,600) - No abbreviated forms

50. Letters of Complaint Is written to complain about a problem which has arisen. It should explain the reasons for the complaint, and usually includes a suggestion/request/demand concerning what should be done. ( eg : refund, exchange, compensation, etc ).

51. Introduction 1: complaint and justification 2: complaint and justification 3 : complaint and justification Body 3 paragraphs Closing remarks / suggestions (what should be done) Conclusion Opening remarks and reason(s) for writing

52. Mild/ Strong Complaint Mild or strong language can be used depending on the writer’s feelings and the seriousness of the complaint, BUT abusive language must never be used.

53. Mild Language To begin: I am writing to complain about/draw your attention to(the problem of)… I am writing to express my disappointment/dissatisfaction with… To end : I hope/trust this matter will be dealt with / resolved as soon as possible. I hope this matter will receive immediate attention. I feel that you should…/ I am entitled to compensation/a refund/ a replacement.

54. Strong Language To begin: I am writing to express my annoyance/ extreme dissatisfaction with/ anger at/ protest about… I regret to/ feel I must inform you how appalled/ shocked I was… To end : I demand a full, written apology or I will be forced to take legal action. I must insist on…/ insist that/ demand…/warn you that… Unless this matter is resolved,…/ Unless satisfactory compensation is offered,….

55. Remember to: Use formal register. Explain your main complaint at the beginning of the letter. Justify your complaints and provide examples. Provide solutions, recommendations, or suggestions. Not to sound patronizing. Regardless of the weight of your complaint, your tone needs to remain respectful. Avoid offensive language use

56. Prompt You are an employee at a well-established enterprise, however; lately you haven’t been feeling comfortable with the atmosphere surrounding you. You have been subjected to many acts of prejudice and racism because you belong to a different culture. Write a letter of complaint to the manager of the company complaining about these acts.

57. Letters Asking For Advice

58. Style Formal/Informal Can be sent to a friend, a consultant, or a column in a magazine. Details of the problem should be mentioned. Reason for writing should be stated. Closing remarks should be included in final paragraph.

59. Useful Language/Formal I am writing to ask if you could help me with .. I would appreciate it if you could give me some advice about……… I am writing to ask for your advice regarding… I would be grateful if you could offer your advice….. Could you possibly offer your advice….. I wonder if you could help me with a problem..

60. Useful Language/ Informal I’m writing to ask for your advice… Can you give me your advice? I’ve got a problem and I need your advice….

61. Closing Remarks/Formal I would appreciate it if you could give me your advice as soon as possible…… I look forward to receiving your advice. It would be of great help if you could advise me.

62. Closing Remarks/Informal What do you think I should do? Please Let me know what I should do. Please tell me what to do.

63. Letters Giving Advice

64. Layout Start by stating purpose for writing. Refer to the original request made. Give a precise and to the point advice in each of the main body paragraphs. Provide clarifications, justifications, and details for each of the pieces of advice. Include closing remarks .

65. Phrases Commonly used to Give Advice If I were you, I would…. You ought to… You should… You’d rather.. Why don’t you… What about… Make sure you…

66. Prompt You are a leader in the research on the effects of exposure to violent video games on aggressive behavior, and you have received an email (letter)from a parent who is worried about his child being addicted to violent video games. Write a reply email (letter) in which you advise the parent on how to deal with this issue and provide practical solutions and recommendations.

67. News Report

68. Very formal Factual and impersonal (no personal opinion or feeling) Language: passive voice, reported speech or direct speech are usually used. Use appropriate reporting verbs( confessed, protested, admitted, arrested, as well as a range of linking words and time expressions .

69. . Headline : short, eye catching one giving an idea of the subject. . A short byline Introduction : summary of event using answers to the questions( what, who, where, when, how, why?) Main Body: Paragraph 1+2: detailed account and description of the events and people involved. Paragraph 3: explanation of the causes and/or results of the event. Conclusion : mention the significance of the event, future action to be taken reactions, comments of a witness or spokesperson, victim,( direct or indirect speech)

70. Prompt The newspaper you work for has asked you as a reporter to write a news report covering a recent tragedy when an aero-plane crash-landed in the desert. Write the news report. As a reporter, you have been sent to interview twin brothers who were separated at birth and re-united thirty years later. Write the news report.

71. Writing a Letter to the editor

72. Purpose Written to express a point of view , list the arguments supporting this opinion and reject those against it. They may end by restating your opinion or by offering suggestions for action. They state the nature of the problem and the causes and effects.

73. Characteristics They are similar to opinion essays BUT in the format of a letter. Each point needs to be stated in a separate paragraph containing a clear topic sentence supported by examples and/or justification. Formal

74. Outline Paragraph 1: Opening remarks, reasons for writing (state the problem and whether you approve or disapprove). Paragraph 2: give arguments in favor of your opinion Paragraph 3: refute counter arguments Paragraph 4: Provide a solution to solve the problem Closing remarks (hopes and wishes).

75. Useful Language To begin the letter: I am writing /to express my approval of/ in support of / regarding the article… I am writing to/express my deep dissatisfaction with/ disapproval of/ protest about… I thoroughly approve of… I cannot agree with… I do not believe that… I strongly disagree with/I would like to protest about…

76. Main Body Because/ owing to the fact that… Due to the fact that… On the grounds that/since/as… For this reason/ seeing that…

77. To end the letter There is no doubt that the… It would certainly be better if… Conclusion: I hope you will give this matter your urgent considerations/alteration. I hope that you will give this matter careful/ further consideration.

78. Reviews A review is a special type of article written for publication in a magazine, newspaper , etc. , giving a brief description and evaluation of a film, book, play, TV/radio programme , etc. Formal or semi –formal in style, depending on its intended readership . Usually written using present tenses.

79. A successful review should consist of : a) An introduction which mentions the title, the type of book/play/film/etc. , the setting (when/where), the theme , the main characters, etc. b) A main body of three paragraphs containing: Paragraph (1) : The main points of the plot ( without revealing the ending ) . Paragraph (2) : Evaluating such features as the acting, performers, musicians and characters. Paragraph (3) : Evaluating sound tracks, light effects, writing style and direction . c) A conclusion which includes an overall assessment of the work/or a recommendation , usually with justification in addition to giving reasons why someone should see the film/play, or read the book , and how it has influenced you .

80. Useful Language To begin reviews : This well-written / informative /fascinating/thought-provoking book is …. The film/book/play/etc. is set in …/tells the story of …/is based on …. The film/play stars…/is directed by .. /is the sequel to ….

81. Useful Language To end reviews : You should definitely see/read …/Don’t miss it / You might enjoy … All in all, it is well worth seeing/reading , since ….. On the Whole, I wouldn’t recommend it, in view of the fact that ….. It is a classic of its kind/ It is sure to be a hit / best-seller ……

82. Useful Language To explain the plot : The plot revolves around.../ involves…/focuses on …./ has an unexpected twist . The story begins with …/ unfolds/reaches a dramatic climax when …..

83. Useful Language Evaluating various features : The play/film/series has a strong/star-studded /mediocre cast. The acting is moving/powerful/excellent /weak /disappointing / unconvincing. The plot is : gripping/dramatic/fascinating /suspense-filled/fast moving. Far-fetched /predictable/confusing/dull/ unimaginative .

84. The script/dialogue is touching/ witty/hilarious/boring / mundane. It is beautifully/brilliantly/ sensitively written /directed .

85. Sample Review Film Review The Facilitator   The Facilitator , starring Albert Pierson and Oliver Taylor, is a new political thriller which will keep you guessing throughout and will captivate you with its astonishing (but believable) twists. Although this is director’s Alvin McDonald’s first full-length film, he brings Robert Sanderson’s screenplay to life with smoothness and panache. The result is an exceptional piece of cinematography which will have you at the edge of your seat.

86. The plot is original and gripping. In a large city lives and works 38-year-old Ben Goode (Pierson), a diplomat, who has become known as “The Facilitator” because of his ability to convince others to work with (or for) his government. When a dispute over the planet’s last energy resources threatens to lead to history’s most destructive war, Ben Goode faces the task of convincing the country’s hardline President (Taylor) to come to a compromise with competing countries. In addition, he is pitted against the President’s military advisors, and a mysterious black-clad figure who repeatedly attempts to murder him.

87. As far as the acting is concerned, Pierson and Taylor deliver nothing less than we have come to expect from these two fine actors. Taylor’s stillness is menacing and unsettling, and Pierson delivers his long, rich monologues with a fluency which has not been seen since Al Pacino in Heat . Alvin McDonald directs his characters with surprising mastery given his age (he is only 36), and the film’s superb soundtrack (composed and performed by heavy metal band Livin ’ Skulls) brings out the suspense in the most effective way.

88. Another aspect of the film which deserves mention is John Barrett’s impressive photography. Gloomy city landscapes under red cloudy skies, breath-taking car chases against violet desert sunsets and aerial shots of the nameless skyscraper-infested city give this film a unique feel. To sum up, I feel that The Facilitator is by far the best film out this year. Personally, I rank it amongst the greatest films of all time. If you have not seen it yet, make sure you do not miss it.

89. Thank you & Good Luck 

90. Writing a Set of Instructions/Guidelines

91. Basics Start with an eye catching title. Start with an introductory paragraph about the instructions/guidelines you are going to give. Remember to include bullets/numbers and subtitles/ headings. Remember to explain a little where explanation is required.

92. Follow a chronological order. Keep your sentences short and simple. Use command verbs (imperative). Use present/future tenses. Introduce each piece of information on a separate line.

93. Link information, using sequence words (first, second, then, next, as soon as, after that, finally etc.) Be concise and clear. Keep in mind your audience and purpose. Provide a short conclusion.

94. Prompt: Your teacher asked you to design an advertisement concerning a certain theme. As the group leader, you are required to write a set of instructions and guidelines explaining to the students the techniques used in designing an advertisement. Write your set of guidelines. 400 words

95. Diary Entry

96. How to Write a Diary Entry In order to keep track of your past thoughts and events you need to know how to write a diary entry properly. Follow these simple steps:

97. 1. At the right top of the page, write the date. 2. Start by using “Dear Diary”. Always use a reflective tone and an informal register. 3. INTRODUCTION: reflect on the way you feel, your mood, the weather. It should be based on the situation whether happy, sad,….etc. End the paragraph by referring briefly to the topic, incident, memory….etc.

98. 4. Paragraph 2: reflect on the incident in detail starting with “It all started…” 5. Paragraph 3: reflect on the causes of the previously mentioned incident . 6. Paragraph 4: reflect on possible solutions to rectify the situation. 7. Conclusion: end by reflecting on hopes and expectations.

99. 8.Close your entry with your name. You can also add your signature. If you want to end your entry with "Bye" or "Good night“ or “love” or . It just depends on the tone you have already set for your diary.

100. Writing a Blog

101. A blog is often used to publicly share your thoughts on specific topics. It may document your day to day experiences or state your opinion on any current issue.

102. Points to Remember Think of your target audience. Start with a topic and working title. Use headers and sub-headers. Write a captivating introduction. Organize your content ( sections , lists ,tips ) Use short paragraphs. Use links within your posts. Include images Respond to blog comments.

103. Writing a Speech Structure + Techniques : Eye catching title . Greetings .. audience : - Formal ( Dear …Dear all / ladies + gentlemen). Informal ( Hello everyone / Dear fellow students/ children ) .

104. Writing a Speech 3. Introduction : state the purpose of the speech ( I’m standing here before you to … ) and introduce the topic /theme using one or more of the following techniques : Involving the audience ( we). Rhetorical questions . Reference to the past  shift to the present. Repetition to emphasize a point . Negation + opposites  opposites to draw attention to problem + solution /negation to provoke the audience to think of the affinity as solution + try to find ones .

105. Writing a Speech Using figurative language Addressing the audience ( using “you”) to make the matter of the topic personal for each one of them The structure is based on the type of topic discussed in the speech, for a speech …

106. Writing a Speech 4. A speech can introduce a point of view or discuss the pros and cons of an issue – or give solutions to a problem. - Don’t forget to use the techniques previously provided . 5. Closing : Summarize the main points . A final thought or quote wish to provoke thinking / emotion / hope . Thank the audience .

107. “ If a country does not recognize minority rights, including women’s rights, you will not have the kind of stability and prosperity that is possible” As a member of the “ Human Rights Watch” , you are asked to give a speech discussing the above point. Write 250- 400 words.

108. Based on the following stimulus, give a personal response and justify it. Write a speech using 150-250 words. “ This instrument can teach, it can illuminate; yes, and it can even inspire. But it can do so only to the extent that humans are determined to use it to those ends. Otherwise it is merely wires and lights in a box. There is a great and perhaps decisive battle to be fought against ignorance, intolerance and indifference. This weapon of television could be useful.”

109. Design of the tasks Note that the specifications for paper setters are that each task should contain: a context  ... a brief description of the setting, or situation, or issue on which the task is based an audience  ... the people to which the text should be aimed. This may be  explicit  (e.g. "the students in your school"), but will commonly be  implicit  (e.g. "you are concerned about social problems at your school", implying that you will address your solution to students and/or staff, depending on the exact task). The target audience will clearly have a strong influence on the choice of the appropriate text type. a purpose  ... this will arise in general terms out of the context: e.g. to suggest a solution to the given problem or issue 'action verbs ' ... the general purpose will be broken down into specific writing purposes in order to deal with the overall task effectively - e.g. 'describe' + 'explain' + 'persuade' 3 optional text types  ... these have been selected to fit into the three mark bands used in the Marking Notes for Paper 1 - 'appropriate' (5-6 band)... 'generally appropriate' (3-4 band) ... 'inappropriate' (1-2 band). The three options are presented in random order under each task.

110. HL Recently, there have been several reports in the media claiming that the impact of the pandemic has promoted the idea of on-line learning, and proved that it is an excellent system of education. You have now heard that your school is planning a meeting of students and parents to propose an increase in on-line learning. You have mixed feelings about this. Write a text in which you describe both your good and bad experiences, explain the reasons for each, and suggest a constructive solution.   Blog     Speech     Essay  SL Recently, there have been several reports in the media claiming that the impact of the pandemic has promoted the idea of on-line learning, and proved that it is an excellent system of education. You have now heard that your school is planning a meeting of students and parents to propose an increase in on-line learning. You have mixed feelings about this. Write a text in which you describe both your good and bad experiences, and explain the reasons for each.  Blog     Speech     Essay 

111. Appropriate text type? Appropriate: Speech … the best way to communicate your message would be to address the planned meeting – this will reach exactly the people you want to influence Generally appropriate: Blog … this may be a good way of expressing your experiences, but there is less guarantee that the message will reach the people it should Inappropriate: Essay … a good form for organising ideas and balancing opposing arguments, but too formal and academic for what is essentially a political situation – and how would it get to the audience?