PPE for welders

presented under occupational safety and hazard #optometry
#occupationalsafety #optometrist

1. ppe for welders Anuja dhakal Bovs III year

2. who are welders? In a broad sense, a welder is anyone, amateur or professional, who uses welding equipment, perhaps especially one who uses such equipment fairly often . In a narrower sense, a welder is a tradesperson who specializes in fusing materials together. The term welder refers to the operator, the machine is referred to as the welding power supply. The materials to be joined can be metals (such as steel, aluminum, brass, stainless steel etc.) or varieties of plastic or polymer.

3. Welding is a growing industrial process, widely used for the permanent joining of metal parts.

4. JOB DESCRIPTION Occupation type Vocational Activity sectors Construction Industrial manufacturing Shipbuilding Description Competencies Manual dexterity Math Reading and comprehension Education required Industrial Training Institute (ITI), Apprenticeship Related jobs Boilermaker , carpenter, electrician, plumber

5. Electrical shock . Electrical shock is one of the most common accidents welders face . Exposure to fumes and gases . Welders are exposed daily to toxic welding fumes and gases, such as harmful metal oxide compounds, base metals, and base metal coatings, and minerals like manganese that can cause respiratory illnesses . Excessive noise . Welders can be exposed to dangerous noise levels—above 85 decibels averaged during their workday—and flying debris that can penetrate their ear canals . What are the causes of welding accidents ?

6. Fires and explosions . Because of the high heat of the welding arc and the hazardous fumes, gases, and chemicals welders work with, they face a serious risk of being injured or killed in a fire or other explosion . Optical hazards . Sparks and hot metal drops can saturate the air and injure welder’s eyes. In addition, welders risk welder’s flash, eye arc, and flash burns—caused by ultraviolet and infrared radiation from the electrical arc in the welding process . Difficult work environments . Welders must often work long hours in cramped working environments where their bodies are in awkward positions for lengthy periods. Hot metals . Welders are exposed to extremely hot metals, such as molten metals and hot slag, causing them to suffer serious burns.

7. The dangers that welders are exposed to daily can cause  life-altering injuries  or result in their deaths. Some of these injuries include : Eye damage, vision loss, and blindness Electrical shocks and burns Severe burns that can be life-threatening Hearing loss and deafness Lung damage Brain damage Nerve damage Skin lacerations Musculoskeletal injuries Crushed toes and fingers Welders’ Parkinson’s Disease Source : Hart Law firm  www.thehartlawfirm.com

8. Source of ocular injury among welders 1) mechanical    flying pieces of metal from hammering and drilling 2)chemical explosions from gas welding Brazing and gas welding fluxes containing fluorine compounds  3)Thermal intense heat from arc welding 4)Electrical electrical shock

9. 1) OCULAR ADNEXAL INJURIES

10. 2)ANTERIOR SEGMENT

11. 3)POSTERIOR SEGMENT

12. SUMMARY pterygia , pingueculae , keratopathy , Maculopathy photo keratoconjunctivitis , chronic actinic keratopathy , photophthalmia , corneal opacity,  traumatic mydriasis , traumatic iritis and foreign bodies

13. The chief source of ocular injury as reported by the welders in this study were flying metal chips and arc rays. Similar studies have reported the same sources of injury. Ocular disorders which have been reported in welders include conjunctival degeneration, such as pterygia , pingueculae , and photokeratoconjunctivitis Fiebai , B., & Awoyesuku , E. (2011). Ocular injuries among industrial welders in Port Harcourt, Nigeria.  Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) ,  5 , 1261–1263. https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S20297

14. HAZARD CONTROL

15. PPE SELECTION PPE selection should be based on a job hazard analysis (JHA), which includes evaluation of hazards, specific tasks, procedures and work practices, in consultation with area supervision and EH&S as needed.

16. 1)Eye Protection for welders Safety glasses, safety goggles, laser eyewear, face shields and helmets provide a level of protection as designated by the manufacturer. The hazard and the protection standards for each piece of eye and face protection PPE must be considered during selection.

17. Can you wear contact lenses when welding? The CSA Standard W117.2 states that contact lenses should not be worn by welders and welding personnel because foreign bodies (objects) in the eye can cause excessive irritation. Contact lenses do not provide protection from ultraviolet radiation and flying objects. All workers in proximity to welding procedures must wear appropriate eye protection according to the circumstances. The OSH Answers document  Contact Lenses at Work  discusses how dust particles or chemicals can irritate the eyes . Contact lenses, however, don't serve a safety function; welders should wear goggles or glasses with contact lenses to ensure proper eye protection. https ://www.thefabricator.com/thewelder/article/safety/keeping-an-eye-on-safety-how-to-protect-welders-from-eye-injuries

18. Goggles or other suitable eye protection shall be used during all gas welding or oxygen cutting operations. Spectacles without side shields, with suitable filter lenses are permitted for use during gas welding operations on light work, for torch brazing or for inspection . Goggles shall be ventilated to prevent fogging of the lenses as much as practicable . All glass for lenses shall be tempered, substantially free from striae , air bubbles, waves and other flaws. Except when a lens is ground to provide proper optical correction for defective vision, the front and rear surfaces of lenses and windows shall be smooth and parallel .

19. SO, WHAT TYPE OF WELDING OCULAR INJURY WE ENCOUNTER IN OPD ?? Injury caused TIG ( TUNGSTEN INERT GAS) also know as gas tungsten arc welding . Used for materials like aluminum , steel, nickel alloys, copper alloys, cobalt and titanium. TIG welders can be used to weld steel, stainless steel, chromoly , aluminum, nickel alloys, magnesium, copper, brass, bronze, and even gold .

20. Available lenses to protect from TIG welding ! Polycarbonate lens Safety Glasses Shade #10.  ATHERMAL glass offers eye protection for welding operations.

21. Safety glasses shade 8

22. Material: Polycarbonate Dark shade: 10

23. What else should you know about eye protection? Choose a tight fitting helmet to help reduce light reflection into the helmet through the space between the shell and the head . Wear the helmet correctly. Do not use it as a hand shield . Protect the shade lens from impact and sudden temperature changes that could cause it to crack .

24. Use a cover lens to protect the filter shade lens. Replace the cover lens if it gets scratched or hazy . Make sure to replace the gasket periodically if your helmet uses one . Replace the clear retaining lens to protect your eyes from broken pieces . Clean lenses periodically . Discard pitted, cracked or damaged lenses.

25. 2)Face protection for welders Helmets or hand shields should be used during all arc welding or arc cutting operations, excluding submerged arc welding. Helmets and hand shields shall be made of a material which is an insulator for heat and electricity . Helmets and hand shields shall be arranged to protect the face, neck and ears from direct radiant energy from the arc. Protects the face from ace hazards from flying particles, molten metal, liquid chemicals, acids or caustic liquids, chemical gases or vapors, or potentially injurious light radiation.

26. https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/safety_haz/welding/ppe.html

27. 3)Respirators for welders General mechanical ventilation shall be of sufficient capacity and so arranged as to produce the number of air changes necessary to maintain welding fumes and smoke within safe limits.

28. 4)Hand protection for welders Welding is hazardous work, and the gloves must protect not only the hands but also the wrist .  For TIG welding, consider top grain cowhide, pig skin leather, or goat skin leather . I f welders use a machine over a 50% duty cycle and beads are in excess of five feet, manufacturers recommend adding heat-resistant materials to protect forearms, worn either under or over the welding jacket .

29. Welding over 90 amps : the glove should have Kevlar thread 125 amps or more : the glove should have some cotton insulation 250 amps or more : the glove should have cotton and foam insulation Over 500 amps : the glove should have a backhand pad or a reflective material on the back of the hand

30. 4)Ear protection for welders The  H505B earmuff  helps reduce exposure to the loud noises associated with welding, cutting or grinding . If employees are exposed to noise hazards over 85 dBA (decibels measured on the A scale of a sound level meter) a hearing conservation program must be implemented.

31. 5)Body protection

32. 6)Foot protection for welders critical component to safety . A welders feet must also be protected from falling objects, flying sparks, and hot slag. Closed toed, leather, high top shoes will provide the best protection.