ppt (1).pptx biochemistry scientific....

Science ppt

1. Green synthesis and invivo trials of extracts of Cholistani plant Tamarix aphylla presenter : Malik Sohail Hassan Mentor : Dr. Mirza Imran Shahzad

2. Introduction of Tamarix aphylla Scientific name : Tamarix aphylla Common name : Athel Tamarix, Athel tree, and Athel pine. Location : an evergreen tree, native across North, East, and Central Africa, through the Middle East, and into parts of Western and Southern Asia . Appearance : deciduous shrub that can grow up to 15 ft. (4.6 m) in height. Foliage : Leaves are small, scale-like, gray-green in color, and overlap along the stem. The bark is smooth and reddish on younger plants, turning brown and furrowed with age. Flowers : Small, white to pink flowers develop on 2 in. (5.1 cm) long spikes from March to September Fruit : Fruits are tiny capsules that have a small tuft of hair.

3. Specimen collection Leaves and roots of Tamarix aphylla plant were collected from Cholistan institute of dessert studies , The Islamia university Bahawalpur Firstly , plant parts i-e roots and leaves were collected and allowed to dry under shade for 10 to 15 days . Once Plants parts were completely dried they grind into coarse (fine) powder and kept in air tight container at room temperature .

4. Filteration Soaking : Plant parts are soaked in Methanol for 7 days then repeat the same procedure for 5 days Filteration : Filter soaked liquid firstly with cloth fiber then with filter paper .

5. Evaporation of Filterate Filterate were dried at room temperature until a gummy texture powder was left in beaker which was our sample . Then we were took this gummy powder for solvent extraction. Weigh the powder on a weighing balance or weighing scale .

6. Liquid-Liquid Extraction Apparatus : Separating funnel Weighing balance Iron stand Beakers Sucker Solvents : Distilled water N-Hexane DCM Ethyl Acetate

7. Procedure Plants aqueous solution is prepared by mixing 100 ml distilled water . Now this aqueous solution is pored into separating funnel . Add 100 ml N-hexane in separating funnel . Shake the separating funnel after adding plant aqueous solution and solvent and rest the funnel until layers get separated. Now n-hexane gives layer at the top of separating funnel , separate the top layer with the help of pipette and pour into the beaker . Repeat the procedure until layer color turn light . Same procedure for DCM ( Di , chloro -methane ) and Ethyl acetate. Layers on top or bottom depends upon polarity of solvents . Layers were collected into beaker and kept beakers at room temperature . After evaporation of solvents from concentrated fractions , dried powder remained and was collected for further use .

8. Phytochemical screening Material required : Weighing scale Test tubes Test tube holder Burner Plant powder Cotton Reagents

9. Extraction of plants 30 g of plant powder were soaked in 60ml of solvent for 7 days. After that, it was filtered with whatmann filter paper no 1 . The extract were obtained in vial and used for further investigation of phytochemical screening . Phytochemical analysis : In phytochemical analysis different tests were performed for different constituents Following are the constituents , 1.Alkaloids 2.Carbohydrates 3.Proteins 4.Saponins 5.Tannins 6.Resins

10. Equipments Handling Centrifuge : A wide variety of laboratory scale centrifuge used in chemistry , biology ,biochemistry and clinical pharmacology for isolating and separating suspensions and immiscible liquid . This is a technique used to separate the components of a heterogeneous mixture of colloidal particles from the solvent by using the principle of centrifugal force. A centrifuge is used to separate particles suspended in a liquid according to particle size and density, viscosity of the medium, and rotor speed. Within a solution, gravitational force will cause particles of higher density than the solvent to sink, and those less dense than the solvent to float to the top

11. Incubator : An incubator is based on the principle that organisms require a particular set of parameters for their growth and development with the optimal condition (under artificial conditions) of temperature, humidity, oxygen, and CO2 levels. A laboratory incubator provides a temperature-controlled environment to support the growth of microbiological cultures. Typical incubators are insulated boxes with an adjustable heater, going up to 60°C to 65°C (140°F to 149°F), though some can go slightly higher (generally to no more than 100°C)

12. Hot Air oven A hot air oven is a type of lab testing instrument that is used to heat up the products at a uniform temperature. A hot air oven is used to sterilize the product in a particular period of time under specific conditions like humidity, pressure, and other environmental factors. In most ovens, this function activates heating with the upper and lower heating element and a fan responsible for evenly distributing heat throughout the oven. In laboratories , First, the door is open and the object is placed on the tray. The trays having the object, placed inside the chamber on the slots. The door is closed and the switch turns on. The hot air oven is then set to desired temperature and time that is required for the sterilization

13. Analytical weighing balance Analytical balances  are an extremely accurate laboratory balance created to precisely measure the mass of an object. Offering a readability up to 0.00001 grams (0.01 mg), analytical balances are frequently used in laboratories. Providing such accurate measurement means that the balance is highly sensitive.  Analytical balances are therefore designed with draft shields to provide protection from external environments such as air flows and dust which might affect the precision. Uses : Accurate measurements Stable readings Automated weighing Easy to use Formulation / recipe of calculation Sample preparation Check / interval weighing

14. Green Synthesis Nanoparticles : Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using zinc acetate as a precursor and plant powder as a green ligand .

15. Invivo trials Mice handling : 200,300 & 500 mg doses of plant extracts and nanoparticles were prepared . Albino rats were selected for invivo trials

16. Acute toxicity Rats were given doses orally according to their body weight and monitored for behavioral changes for 5 hours up to 24 hours

17. Anti-inflammatory activity Rats were given oral doses of 200, 300 and 500 mg . Normal paw size was measured . 0.1 ml of carrageenan was injected in right hind paw after 30 minutes . Inflammation was measured at 0 , 60 , 80 ,120 ,240 minutes .

18. Analgesic activity Two methods were used 1. Tail emersion method 2. Hot plate method

19. Tail emersion method In this method , oral doses were given and pain tolerance were checked at zero instant by dipping the tail in hot water ( T= 55*C ) Time was monitored for same step at 30 , 60,80, 120 ,150 and 180 minutes .

20. Hot plate method Oral doses were given and time at 0 instant was noted for pain tolerance by placing animal inside the beaker over hot plate at temperature 55*C . The same step was performed by noting time at 30 , 60 , 120 ,150 & 180 min .

21. “Education is one thing no one can take away from you “ Thank you for your attention . if you have any query then ask ?