Ppt 8th agriculture

THIS PRESENTATION IS MOST IMPORTANT FOR CBSE CLASS 8TH TEACHERS, STUDENTS AND OTHER LEARNERS

1. L WELCOME

2. NCERT CLASS 8 th GEOGRAPHY Chapter- 4 AGRICULTURE BY Mr. BHAURAO GUNJAL (M.A.M.ED.) TGT (GEOGRAPHY), EMRS, PETH ROAD, NASHIK

3. Economic Activities PRIMARY:- Activities include all those connected with extraction & production of natural resources. i.e. Agriculture, Fishing, Gathering, Mining, Animal Rearing etc. SECONDARY: - Activities are connected with the processing on these resources. i.e. Manufacturing (Iron & Steel Industry, Food Processing, Weaving of Cloth, Dairy etc.) TERTIARY:- Activities provide support to the primary & secondary sectors through services, Trade, Transport, Banking, Insurance, Advertisement etc. AGRICULTURE:- It is a primary activity includes growing crops, fruits, vegetables, flowers and rearing livestock. In the w orld 50% persons & in India two-thirds (66%) population is still dependent on Agriculture.

4. Conditions For Agriculture Ager “Soil” + Culture “Cultivation = Soil Cultivation means Agriculture Favorable Climate ( Temperature, Rainfall, Humidity, Frost free) & Soil (Alluvial, Black, Loamy, Laterite, Red) Arable Land – The land on which the crops are grown is known as Arable L and.

5. World Distribution Of Arable Land

6. Farm System INPUTS:- Seeds, Fertilizers, Machinery & Labour PROCESS :- Ploughing , Sowing, Spraying, Irrigation, Weeding, Harvesting OUTPUTS:- Crops, Wool, Dairy & Poultry products

7. Types Of Farming Farming is practiced in various ways across the world. Depending upon the geographical conditions, demand of produce, labour & level of technology farming can be classified into two main types. These are as follows Types Of Farming Subsistence Farming Commercial Farming Intensive Primitive 1. Commercial Grain Farming 1. Shifting Cultivation 2. Mixed Farming 2. Nomadic Herding 3. Plantations

8. Subsistence Farming Traditionally, low levels of technology and household labour are use to produced small output. It is practiced to meet needs of the farmer’s family. Intensive Subsistence Agriculture :- Small plot of land, use simple tools and more labour . Growing more than one crop annually on the same plot. Main crop Rice, wheat maize, pulses & oilseeds. It is prevalent in thickly populated areas of the monsoon regions south, southeast & east Asia. Primitive Subsistence Agriculture :- 1) Shifting Cultivation:- is practiced in the thickly forested areas of Amazon basin, tropical Africa parts of southeast Asia & northeast India. These are the areas of heavy rainfall and quick regeneration of vegetation. A plot of land is cleared by felling the trees & burning them. Ashes mixed in soil. Crops like maize, yam, potatoes & cassava grown. After soil loses its fertility, the land is abandoned & cultivators move to a new plot. “Slash & Burn” agriculture. Shifting cultivation is known by different names in different parts of the world. 1) NE India – Jhumming 2) Mexico – Milpa 3) Brazil - Roca 4) Malaysia - Ladang

9. Subsistence Farming 2) Nomadic Herding:- practiced in semi-arid & arid Sahara, central Asia & some parts of India like Rajasthan & J & K. Herdsman moves from place to place with their animas for searching of food, fodder & water. Sheep, camel, yak & goats are commonly reared. They provide milk, meat wool, hides & other products to the herders and their families.

10. Commercial Farming Crops are grown & animals are reared for sale in market. L arge plot of land, & huge amount of capital use. Most of the work done by the machines. Types are – 1) Commercial Grain Farming :- Commercial purpose. Wheat & maize are commonly grown. Practiced in temperate grasslands of N. America, Europe & Asia. 100s of hectares of farm, sparsely populated areas & single crop can be grown. 2) Mixed Farming:- grown food, fodder crops & rearing livestock. Practiced in Europe, E.USA, Argentina, SE Australia, New Zealand & S. Africa. 3) Plantations:- Type of commercial farming where single crop of tea, coffee, sugarcane, cashew, rubber, banana & cotton are grown. Large amount of labour & capital are required. Transporting network & processing units are well developed, major plantations are found in tropical regions, Rubber in Malaysia, coffee in Brazil, tea in India & Srilanka .

11. Commercial Farming

12. Major Crops A large variety of crops are grown to meet the needs of the growing population. Major food crops are wheat, rice, maize and millets. Main fiber crops are Jute and cotton Important beverage crops are tea and coffee. Many crops supply raw materials for agro based industries. Rice : - Rice • Rice is the major food crop of the world. It is the staple diet of the tropical and sub-tropical regions. Rice needs high temperature, high humidity and rainfall . It grows best in alluvial clay soil, which can retain water. China leads in the production of rice followed by India, Japan, Sri Lanka and Egypt.

13. Major Crops Wheat:- Wheat requires moderate temperature and rainfall during growing season and bright sunshine at the time of harvest. It thrives best in well drained loamy soil. Wheat is grown extensively in USA, Canada, Argentina, Russia, Ukraine, Australia and India. In India it is grown in winter.

14. Major Crops Millets:- Millets are known as coarse grains and can be grown on less fertile and sandy soils. It is a hardy crop that needs low rainfall and high to moderate temperature and adequate rainfall. Jowar , bajra and ragi are grown in India, Nigeria and China.

15. Major Crops Maize:- Maize requires moderate temperature, rainfall and lots of sunshine. It needs well-drained fertile soils. Maize is grown in North America, Brazil, China, Russia, Canada, India, and Mexico.

16. Major Crops Cotton:- Cotton requires high temperature, light rainfall, two hundred and ten frost-free days and bright sunshine for its growth. It grows best on black and alluvial soils. China , USA, India, Pakistan, Brazil and Egypt are the leading producers of cotton. It is one of the main raw materials for the cotton textile industry.

17. Major Crops Jute:- Jute was also known as the ‘Golden Fibre ’. It grows well on alluvial soil and requires high temperature, heavy rainfall and humid climate. This crop is grown in the tropical areas. India and Bangladesh are the leading producers of jute.

18. Major Crops Coffee:- Coffee requires warm and wet climate and well drained loamy soil. Hill slopes are more suitable for growth of this crop. Brazil is the leading producer followed by Columbia and India.

19. Major Crops Tea:- Tea is a beverage crop grown on plantations. This requires cool climate and well distributed high rainfall throughout the year for the growth of its tender leaves. It needs well-drained loamy soils and gentle slopes. Labour in large number is required to pick the leaves. Kenya , India, China, Sri Lanka produce the best quality tea in the world.

20. Agricultural Development Efforts are constantly being made to increase farm production in order to meet the growing demand of increasing population. Increase agricultural production. Increasing area under cultivation Increasing the number of crops grown in a year • Improving irrigational facilities in order to increase yield per acre Use of fertilizers to increase yield Use high yielding variety of seeds Use machinery in cultivation The main aim of agricultural development is to provide ‘food security’ for the growing world population. Agriculture has developed world over. The development varies from place to place.

21. Farming in India Landholding are small due to the inheritance of law. The production of food & fodder is the top priority. The area under fodder crops is almost is significant. Most of the farm work as Ploughing , irrigation, etc are done by animals and the member of farmers family. Sometimes farmers take tractors for ploughing & water for irrigate his field on rent. Sometimes farmers take loan from banks & cooperative society to buy HYV seeds & implements. Some farmers have lack of storage facilities. Govt has taken some steps to develop such facilities.

22. Farming in U.S.A The rolling plain are well – drained and suitable for Extensive mechanized farming. The size of the farms are large up to 1000 of hectares. The natural environment have favours the cultivation of a variety in crop. The dark brown soil is few of humus and organic matter. Use soil tasting laboratory for taste fertility of soil. Use scientific fertilizer. Use every year HYV seeds. Machinery use in all farm work like tractors, seed drills, leveller , harvester, thresher etc. The transcontinental railway connects the reign to the consuming centers and the town parts. Automated storage facilities are available for stored grains and dispatched grains to the market agencies. Farmer works like a businessman. Not like peasant farmer.

23. Farming in U.S.A

24. Recapitulation 1. Growing vegetables, flowers & fruits for commercial use – a) Viticulture b) Pisciculture c) Horticulture d) Sericulture) 2. Crop that require 210 frost free days --- a) Tea b) Coffee c) cotton d) Jute 3. Golden Fibre refers to – a) Wheat b) Sugarcane c) Rice d) Jute 4. Name the three sectors of activities done by people. 5. What is agriculture? 6. How is Farming classified? 7. What is Intensive subsistence agriculture? 8. Name the three types of millets . 9. What are the physical conditions are require for Rice crop in India? 10. What are the physical conditions are require for Cotton crop in India?

25. Thank You !!!