PPT Disaster Risk Reduction Management oct 02 '24 (1).pptx

Disaster Risk Reduction Management

1. GEOLOGIC HAZARDS: IMPACTS, CHALLENGES AND PREPAREDNESS QUINTIN T. FLORES

2. TYPHOON YOLANDA, NOVEMBER 2013

3. TYPHOON YOLANDA, NOVEMBER 2013 6,340 death toll

4. ST. BERNARD, GINSAHUNGON, LEYTE, FEBRUARY 2006

5. ST. BERNARD, GINSAHUNGON, LEYTE, FEBRUARY 2006 1,126 death toll The 2006 Leyte, Philippine Debris Avalanche

6. CHERRY HILLS LANDSLIDE (1999)

7. GEOLOGIC HAZARDS: What are they? BRGY. CAWILIHAN, LEON, ILOILO

8. GEOLOGIC HAZARDS Earth processes occurring as IRREGULAR EVENTS in which, its direct interaction with the material environment is CAPABLE OF CAUSING SIGNIFICANT NEGATIVE IMPACT ON MAN’S LIFE AND WELL- BEING; EXAMPLES: LANDSLIDES, FLOODS, EARTHQUAKES, STORM SURGES, etc.

9. Philippine Setting Prone to GEOHAZARDS

10. Within the Ring of Fire Within the Earthquake Belt Within the Pacific belt of tropical cyclone (average of 20 TYPHOONS A YEAR)

11. WHY DO WE HAVE GEOLOGIC HAZARDS?

12. Continental Drift

13. WHY DO WE HAVE GEOHAZARDS IN THE PHILIPPINES? Location of most of the world’s volcanoes and earthquake generators (e.g. trenches, faults, etc.) Highly prone to geologic hazards (e.g. volcanic eruption, earthquake, landslide, etc.) Potential for mineralization (formation of metallic deposits, etc.) is also high

14. Philippines Porphyry Cu belts Porphyry Cu belts

15. Numerous active Faults and Trenches Numerous volcanic belts and active volcanoes Generally mountainous terrain and steep slopes WHY IS THE PHILIPPINES GEO-HAZARD PRONE:

16. Tectonic Map of the Philippines Source: PHIVOLCS

17. Negros Oriental Earthquake

18. Mineral Districts Central Cordillera (Cu, Au, Fe) Zambales (Cr, Ni, Pt, Cu, Au) Paracale (Au, Fe, Cu, Ni) (Au) Masbate (Au) Negros (Cu, Au) Zamboang a (Cu, Au, Cr) Eastern Mindanao (Cu, Au, Ni, Cr)

19. Downward movement of soils, rocks and other debris due to WHAT IS A LANDSLIDE ? Not always fast !

20. TRIGGERING MECHANISMS: heavy rainfall

21. CONTRIBUTING FACTORS (Landslides) LOCATION / TOPOGRAPHY SLOPE ANGLE ROCK / SOIL TYPES DEGREE OF WEATHERING / ALTERATION IN THE ROCKS / SOIL

22. PRESENCE AND ORIENTATION OF STRUCTURES PRESENCE OF WATER HISTORY OF LANDSLIDE OCCURRENCES IN THE AREA HUMAN INITIATED EFFECTS (AS AGGRAVATING FACTOR)

23. PICTURE TAKEN IN IGBARAS, ILOILO

24. Picture - Brgy. Ingay, Leon, Iloilo

25. Brgy. Cunsad, Alimodian, Iloilo, August 1, 2012

26. Landslide Head

27. Landslide Head Sliding Plane Old cracks and the sliding plane at the landslide head with very smooth and oxididized surfaces.

28. Photos of houses near the head of the landslide. The residents living in these houses were relocated to the barangay proper of Brgy. Cunsad.

29. Brgy. Cunsad, Alimodian, Iloilo,August 2012 Landslide after TS Gener in July 2012,

30. Head Approximately 10.5 hectares of farmlands were affected/ destroyed by the recent landslide in Brgy. Buenavista, Tubungan, Iloilo. Base

31. Day Care Center and Ricefields, Brgy. Buenavista, Tubungan

32. BACOLOD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL, MAY 2011 BACOLOD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL, AUGUST 2011

33. Active landslides in the Transcentral Highway, Negros Occidental (2010)

34. BRGY. QUINTIN REMO, MOISES PADILLA, AUGUST 9, 2009 BRGY. QUINTIN REMO, MOISES PADILLA, FEBRUARY 8, 2010

35. BRGY. QUINTIN REMO, MOISES PADILLA

36. Photo Credits: PAG- ASA

37. What is flood? “Too much water at the ‘wrong’ place!”

38. FLOODS occur when a large amount of water overflows beyond its normal confines, especially what is normally dry land. What is flood? “Too much water at the ‘wrong’ place!”

39. What causes flooding? Heavy rainfall Dam or dike failure Storm surge (coastal areas)

40. Other Causes of Flooding: Land subsidence, outdated/clogged drainage structures, reduced channel capacities due to siltation and encroachment of structures What is flood? “Too much water at the ‘wrong’ place!”

41. FLOODED AREAS IN CAGAYAN DE ORO DURING TYPHOON SENDONG December 2011

42. FLOODED AREAS IN CAGAYAN DE ORO DURING TYPHOON SENDONG

43. BEFORE TYPHOON SENDONG AFTER TYPHOON SENDONG

44. Photo from Getty Images by AFP/Getty Images Manila August 15, 2007; Typhoon Egay

45. TS “SENDONG”

46. December 2012, Southern Mindanao newsinfo.inquirer.net

47. TY “ONDOY” September 2009, NCR and Luzon

48. TY “PEPENG” September 2009, Luzon

49. TS “QUINTA” December 2012, Visayas & Mindanao

50. Typhoon Quinta, December 2012 Photo Credits: ABS- CBN Iloilo

51. Photo Credits: ABS- CBN Iloilo

52. Dingle town proper, during Typhoon Quinta, December 2012

53. Sta. Barbara Airport Resettlement Area Photo Taken 2007 After Typhoon Frank, 2008 Photos from DENR 6

54. Libacao, Aklan AKLAN RIVER, LIBACAO TO KALIBO, AKLAN

55. KALIBO, AKLAN

56. SIBALOM RIVER, SIBALOM, ANTIQUE

57. S e a Le v el R is e and S to r m S ur ge

58. TYPHOON YOLANDA, NOVEMBER 8, 2013

59. IM P A CTS

60. LOSS OF LIFE

61. DAMAGE TO PROPERTIES LOSS OF LIVELIHOOD INTERRUPTION OF ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND OTHER HUMAN ACTIVITIES DISPLACEMENT TRAUMA

62. What can be done? …and what has been done…

63. The National Geohazard Assessment and Mapping Program

64. An on- going priority program of the DENR-MGB that aims to: identify areas in the country that are susceptible or vulnerable to various geologic hazards, and increase public awareness in order to lessen or mitigate the negative impacts of these events. The DENR- MGB National Geohazards Mapping and Assessment Program

65. Generation of Geohazard Maps LANDSLIDE POTENTIAL = I n f ras t ruc t u + re s Vegetation map + Drainage map + Geomorphic map + Slope map + Geologic map

66. Basis for the rating of susceptibilities to landslides: Presence of active and/ or recent landslides Presence of numerous and large tension cracks Brgy. Oslao, San Francisco, Surigao Del Norte Areas with drainages that are prone to landslides damming Brgy. Malangza, Liloan Areas with steep slopes Igbaras, Iloilo

67. Actual investigation of actual flood extent and site interview on flood prone areas

68. HIGH LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY Generation of geohazards map (1:50,000 scale) MODERATE LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY LOW LANDSIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY POSSIBLE ACCUMULATION ZONE areas likely to be affected by transported landslide materials

69. Detailed Geohazards Assessment and Mapping at 1:10,000 scale (2011- 2014) More detailed geohazards mapping for highly critical areas. Complimented by an early warning through workshops with critical communities and piloting of installation of landslide warning signages Issued direct advisories to LGUs particularly prior to arrival of typhoons (e.g. TS Chedeng, Juaning)

70. JANIUAY, ILOILO SAMPLE MAPS

71. MAASIN, ILOILO SAMPLE MAPS

72. Direct advisories on geohazard threats issued to cities/municipalities and barangays for critical areas, right after the field survey Provision of geohazard maps and advisories to concerned LGUs previously identified as prone to geohazards Beyond Mapping: Getting people involved

73. • Conduct of province- and municipal- wide information and awareness campaign Distribution of IEC materials on geohazards (posters, flyers, comics,videos) Making people aware through IEC

74. TAPATAN, DILG - 2012 HLURB Seminars

75. In partnership with the Office of the Civil Defense (OCD), Region 6 Geohazard Presentation for the LCEs- Province of Iloilo, March 9, 2012

76. Ombudsman Caravan of Services in Carles, Iloilo. August 29, 2013. MGB- 6 posters distribution (landslides and flooding). ABS- CBN – Iloilo interviews RD Juguan October 14, 2013 Re: Landslide in Igbaras, Iloilo

77. Publication of geohazard maps on landslides and floods thru the internet (http://www.mgb.gov.ph)

78. Coordination /meetings with LGUs SB session Barotac Viejo, Iloilo, August 27, 2013. SB San Dionisio, Iloilo, October 7, 2013.

79. After Before DENR- MGB Landslide Warning Signage Installation of landslide warning signage MGB 2008 Little Kibungan Village in Barangay Puguis, La Trinidad, Benguet . Effects on slopes viewed looking westward BEFORE and AFTER Typhoon Pepeng.

80. OTHER GEOLOGIC HAZARDS

81. SINKHOLES

82. A sinkhole is an area of ground that has no natural external surface drainage; ol when it rains, all of the water stays inside the sinkhole and typically drains into the sub surface. What is a “Sinkhole”?

83. Limestone terrain with caves, sinkholes, and solution pipes. Source: (Geoscience Australia)

84. Sinkholes are common in limestone areas. The land usually stays intact for a while until the underground spaces just get too big. If there is not enough support for the land above the spaces then a sudden collapse of the land surface can occur.

85. A sinkhole collapse in an undeveloped area. (Photo Credit: Center for Cave and Karst Studies/Western Kentucky University)

86. A collapsed sinkhole in a parking lot of a mall in the U.S. (Photo Credit: Center for Cave and Karst Studies/Western Kentucky University)

87. Brgy. Oringao, Kabankalan City, Negros Occidental

88. the Earth’s surface caused EARTHQUAKES - shaking of by rapid movement of the Earth’s rocky outer layer; Elastic Rebound Theory-if fault surfaces do not slip easily past one another, energy can be stored in elastically deformed bodies of rock. When the fault finally does slip, the elastically strained bodies of rock rebound to their original shapes;

89. Occurs at a rate of several hundred per day worldwide; Significant earthquakes in Panay Island - earthquakes in Negros Occidental, Iloilo and Antique last July 2011) Epicenter of earthquakes in the Philippines

90. EARTHQUAKE- RELATED HAZARDS

91. Buildings tilted in liquefied sand due to 1964 Niigata, Japan quake Karl V. Steinbrugge Collection , Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley.

92. GROUND SHAKING/ACCELERATION Baguio Park Hotel Central Luzon State University Library San Jose, N. Ecija Residential Bldg. Umingan, Pangasinan

93. GROUND/ SURFACE RUPTURE Dalton Pass, Digdig, N. Vizcaya Imugan River near Digdig, N. Vizcaya

94. Negros Earthquake, February 2012

95. LIQUEFACTION The process by which saturated, unconsolidated sediments are transformed into a substance that acts like a liquid (e.g. from intense shaking of earthquakes); Kobe Port, 1995

96. Sand boils, Christchurch, New Zealand Dagupan, Pangasinan

97. VOLCANIC- RELATED HAZARDS

98. Volcanoes in the Philippines www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph 23 active volcanoes

99. Mt .Pinatubo, Philippines, 1991

100. Volcanic hazards ∆ lava flow ∆ ashfall ∆ pyroclastic flow ∆ lahar flow, ∆ volcanic gas ∆ volcanic bombs Mt. Pinatubo Eruption, 1991

101. LAHAR Bamban, Tarlac September 1991 ASH FALL Clark Air Base

102. Tsunamis are sea waves generated by a major disturbance of the and overlying water due to earthquakes, landslides and volcanic seafloor (faulting submarine eruptions); As the water is displaced, it surges outward in all directions in a large wave; Height - May reach several tens of meters; TSUNAMIS Tsunami, Japan Earthquake, March 2011 Velocity - less than 80 kilometers per hour (land) to about 800 kilometers per hour (deep ocean)

103. IMAGES FROM THE JAPAN MARCH 2011 EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMIS

104. Courtesy of Space Imaging and USGS CRSSP

105. THE BARANGAY CAMANDAG, LEON, ILOILO EXPERIENCE

106. IN 2006, MGB- 6 CONDUCTED A GEOHAZARD ASSESSMENT OF (7) CRITICAL BARANGAYS IN LEON, ILOILO. MGB- 6 ASSESSMENT TEAM ISSUED LANDSLIDE THREAT ADVISORIES AND CONDUCTED LECTURES TO THE RESIDENTS OF THESE BARANGAYS ABOUT THE LANDSLIDE AND FLOODING SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE AREA AND THE PREPAREDNESS AND MITIGATION MEASURES.

107. IN 2008, BRGY. CAMANDAG WAS SEVERELY AFFECTED BY LANDSLIDES DURING TYPHOON FRANK. 32 HOUSES OUT OF 49 WERE TOTALLY DAMAGED AND BURIED. TOTAL POPULATION IS 323.

108. The Brgy. Camandag Story

109. The Brgy. Camandag Story BRGY. CAMANDAG “ala SAINT BERNARD TRAGEDY”. 80% OF BRGY SITE AFFECTED

110. The Brgy. Camandag Story

111. THE GOOD NEWS!!! THERE WERE NO CASUALTIES IN BRGY. CAMANDAG… DESPITE DAMAGES TO PROPERTIES.

112. THE B R G Y . CAWILIHAN, LEON EXPERIENCE

113. An earthquake also occurred at about past 10:00 A.M. on Thursday, August 25, 2011 that caused ground shaking in the area; Last August 27, 2011, a landslide was reported at Brgy. Cawilihan due to strong and continuous monsoon rains brought about by Typhoon Mina. The landslide occurred at 10:30PM

114. The affected area is about 20 hectares; Eight (8) houses were totally damaged; In addition, farmlands were affected; Portions of the barangay road, more or less 50 meters long, collapsed;

115. The 8 houses are occupied by 11 families comprising of 51 individuals. The landslide has rendered the 20 hectares not fit for rice production. This also affected the livelihood of the 3 households occupying the land.

116. LANDSLIDE THREAT ADVISORY MGB- 6 GEOHAZARD ASSESSMENT IN 2008

117. BRGY. CAWILIHAN, LEON, ILOILO

118. BRGY. CAWILIHAN, LEON, ILOILO

119. THE GOOD NEWS!!! THERE WERE NO CASUALTIES IN BRGY. CAWILIHAN DESPITE THE SEVERITY AND EXTENT OF THE LANDSLIDE; THE RESIDENTS WERE ABLE TO REMOVE ALL THEIR BELONGINGS INSIDE THEIR HOUSES BEFORE THE LANDSLIDE.

120. MGB Acting Director Leo L. Jasareno: “The maps are ‘lifesavers’ but would be effective only if they are actually heeded. “ (Philippine Daily Inquirer, “Geohazard Maps to be available on Internet soon” published January 27, 2012)

121. WE CANNOT PREVENT NOR EXACTLY PREDICT THE OCCURRENCES OF GEOLOGIC HAZARDS. BUT, WE CAN PREPARE AND SAVE OURSELVES, FAMILIES AND COMMUNITIES…

122. Department of Environment and Natural Resources Region 6