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1. UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS Chapter 1

2. Slide Title

3. What is the main purpose of understanding culture, society and politics?

4. Why is it important to study on understanding culture, society and politics?

5. Explain how our culture, society and politics are connected.

6. Do you think society can exist without culture? Support your answer.

7. Maria Leonora Theresa, a 30-year-old school teacher in Quezon City, wakes up early in her bustling household. She lives with her extended family, reflecting the close-knit Filipino family structure. Breakfast is a communal affair with buyad , tocino , and tapa. At the public elementary school where Maria teaches, the day starts with the national anthem. Education is highly valued, and Maria instills traditional Filipino values like " bayanihan " (community spirit) and "utang na loob " (debt of gratitude) in her students. She teaches students “ pagmamano ” to elders and about the country's diverse history and cultural influences. Lunch with colleagues includes traditional dishes like adobo and sinigang. Discussions often turn to politics, a favorite topic among Filipinos. Today, the focus is on the upcoming elections and issues like corruption and political dynasties. Despite the challenges, there's a collective hope for progress. Maria attends a novena at the local Catholic church, highlighting the importance of religion in Filipino life. The church serves as a community hub, especially during religious festivals. Faith provides Maria with a sense of community and continuity. Maria relaxes by watching a teleserye (TV drama) with her family, sparking discussions about societal values. Reflecting on her day, she feels connected to her heritage and hopeful for the future, embodying the resilience and unity of the Filipino spirit.

8. MAN’S SOCIAL AND CULTURAL BACKGROUND A NATION-STATE is a sovereign state whose citizens or subjects have a common culture. They speak the same language, have a common descent, and share a common history. Thus, having citizens with common culture, nation-state is a major component of one’s personal identity. PERSONAL IDENTITY- According to Beleña (2016 ), this is the concept you develop about yourself that evolves over the course of your life. Our personal identity is both cultural and political which is guided by our personal encounters or experiences.

9. As defined by Edward b. Tylor, CULTURE refers to that complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, laws, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.

10. CULTURE CUSTOMS MORALS LAWS ARTS BELIEFS KNOWLEDGE

11. SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDYING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS CULTURE PRODUCTION OF MAN-MADE THINGS HUMAN SATISFACTION CONVEYS & FACILITATES MEANING PATTERNS OF ACCEPTABLE SOCIAL BEHAVIOR ADAPTATION & INTEGRATION

12. CULTURE ADAPTATION & INTEGRATION 1. Culture makes it possible for man to adapt and integrate himself to his environment by being creative and resourceful in coming up with ways and means of survival.

13. CULTURE PATTERNS OF ACCEPTABLE SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2. Culture establishes patterns of acceptable social behavior such as etiquette, protocols, good manners and right conduct, roles and duties, etc. As established by folkways, mores, and laws.

14. CULTURE CONVEYS & FACILITATES MEANING 3. Culture conveys and facilitates meanings through verbal and non-verbal communication, written and non-written language, forms of expression, and symbolisms.

15. CULTURE PRODUCTION OF MAN-MADE THINGS 4. Culture produces man-made things such as clothing, tools, instruments, machines, equipment, structures, etc. Made possible by technological know-how.

16. CULTURE HUMAN SATISFACTION 5. Culture contributes to overall human satisfaction as we develop ways to make life more comfortable, easier, and more rewarding such as recreational activities, leisure, entertainment and arts, etc.

17. Therefore, culture creates the identity of individuals which are distinct from one another. Geographical or territorial boundaries contribute to cultural diversities of human society. CULTURE

18. -As individuals continued to interact, societies were formed. -Society is defined as the product of human social processes intended to meet basic needs for survival -Every society is organized in such a way that there are rules of conduct, customs, traditions, folkways, and mores, and expectations that ensure appropriate behavior among members. SOCIETY

19. It symbolizes the groups within which human beings can live a total common life – the peer groups; social organizations like the family and kinship groups; economic, political, religious and educational groups; and communities SOCIETY

20. SOCIETY SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDYING SOCIETY AVENUE FOR ECONOMIC INTERDEPENDENCE REPRESENTATION OF OUR IDENTITY CHARACTERIZE THE TOTALITY OF A TERRITORY SYMBOL OF POLITICAL INDEPENDENCE

21. SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDYING POLITICS: POLITICS POLITICS CONCENSUS AND COMPROMISE SOCIETY POWER AND DISTRIBUTION OF RESOURCES ART OF GOVERNMET PUBLIC AFFAIR ACADEMICS According to Ricardo Lazo

22. According to Baleña (2016), the following are the basic definitions of politics : - People associates politics with power. - This is formed by the relationship with other people. - This is also defined as a struggle between the powerful and powerless; the haves and the have-nots. POLITICS

23. On the other hand, Lazo (as cited by Baleña , 2016) defines the view of politics and shows the wide ranging ideas about politics which may affect the everyday lives of each individual in asociety . Politics talks about the decisions of individuals which are made collectively based on defined rules of society. These rules bind people together to preserve culture and improve human life. POLITICS

24. THE RATIONALE OF STUDYING ANTHROPOLOGY, POLITICAL SCIENCE, AND SOCIOLOGY

25. According to Palispis (2007, ANTHROPOLOGY is the branch of knowledge which deals with the scientific study of man, his works, his body, his behavior and values, in time and space. It also includes man’s physical, social, and cultural development that describes and explains the phenomenon of human life . ANTHROPOS – MEANING MAN LOGOS – MEANING SCIENCE OR STUDY

26. Anthropology includes man’s physical, cultural and social development which explains and describes the phenomenon of human life. Anthropology as a subject is very important in seeking answers about man’s existence and his own social experiences ( Baleña , 2016).

27. a. Anthropology helps the individuals in providing insights into aspects of past that are strange or difficult to comprehend. b. These strange aspects include conflict and violence, the trial by ordeal, superstitions and witchcraft, fashion, myths and legends and others ( Banaag , 2012). c. Anthropology gives people information concerning man’s behavior in relation to his social environment.

28. Baleña (2016) summarized the following rationale of studying political science and its definitions: a. It refers to the systematic study of a state and its government which includes the relationships of men to his/her community, relationship of men and women to the state itself, and with the relationship of state with other sovereign states abroad.

29. b. It emphasizes the usage of power, influence, interest and diplomacy which are very important aspects in creating a well-ordered society. According to Ricardo Lazo , the goal of Political Science is citizenship education. This requires the students to appreciate and understand the duties and obligations of being a member of their own society.

30. IMPORTANCE OF POLITICAL SCIENCE It provides the students the knowledge and understanding of a governmment , with all its component curricula like public law, political theory public administration. KNOWLEDGE BASED Inculcates the objectives and underlying principles of the state that should be abided by the officials snd its citizens. COMPETENCE BASED Prepares the students for future career path, be it in legal profession, government service, politics, teaching, and many more. SKILLS BASED

31. SOCIOLOGY

32. According to Joseph Fichter , SOCIOLOGY is the scientific study of patterned, shared human behavior. It analyzes human interaction and focuses on the all kinds of social interactions: social arts, social relationships, social organization, social structures, and social processes.

33. SOCIAL ARTS SOCIAL PROCESSES SOCIAL RELATIONSHIP SOCIAL STRUCTURES SOCIAL ORGANIZATION SOCIAL INTERACTION