ppt of different methods of tunnelling.pptx

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1. Advantages of MASW: Non-invasive : MASW is a non-destructive testing method, making it suitable for use in sensitive areas where drilling or other invasive techniques are not feasible. Cost-effective : Compared to other geophysical methods, MASW is relatively affordable and requires less equipment. Depth of Investigation : MASW can provide information about the subsurface to significant depths, typically ranging from a few meters to several tens of meters. Spatial Resolution : The method provides continuous profiles of subsurface stiffness, offering a detailed spatial resolution of the subsurface conditions.

2. 5. Versatility : It can be used in a variety of environments, including urban areas, making it a versatile tool for geotechnical investigations. 6. Data Quality : MASW can handle noisy environments better than some other methods, providing reliable data even in challenging conditions. 7. Quick Data Acquisition : The process of collecting data is relatively fast, allowing for efficient field operations.

3. Limitations of MASW Depth Limitations : While MASW can reach significant depths, its effectiveness decreases with depth, particularly in very deep or hard rock conditions. Data Interpretation Complexity : The interpretation of MASW data can be complex and requires experienced personnel to accurately assess subsurface conditions. Resolution at Depth : The resolution of subsurface features decreases with depth, potentially missing smaller features or variations in deeper layers.

4. 4. Surface Conditions Sensitivity : The method's effectiveness can be influenced by surface conditions such as vegetation, surface obstructions, or uneven terrain, which may affect data quality. 5. Lower Accuracy in Heterogeneous Materials : MASW might have limitations in highly heterogeneous subsurface conditions, where variations in material properties can complicate the interpretation of results. 6. Dependent on Surface Wave Energy : The method relies on the generation and propagation of surface waves, which may be influenced by the energy source and environmental conditions.