ppt on Brain

Content regarding brain

1. By- Mr. ASHOK BISHNOI Assist. Professor , JINR

2. The brain is the largest mass of nervous tissue in the body. It lie in the cranial cavity Weight of brain:- In male is - 1380 gm (48.6 oz) In female is – 1250gm (44 oz)

3. By carotid artery Rt & lt anterior cerebral artery Rt & lt posterior cerebral artery Vertebral artery Brain receive about 15% of the cardiac output Approximately 750 ml blood/ mt

4. Cerebrum (Forebrain) Mid brain Pons Medulla oblongata Brain steam Cerebrum (Hindbrain)

5. This is largest part of the brain It is egg shaped organ. It occupies the anterior & middle cranial faossa

6. Gray matter Outer layer Composed mostly of neuron cell bodies White matter Fiber tracts inside the gray matter Example: corpus callosum connects hemispheres

7. Paired (left and right) superior parts of the brain Include more than half of the brain mass Each hemisphere of cerebrum divided in to lobs

8. Frontal lobe:- Center of reasoning, Planning, Emotion, Speech, Problem solving. Parietal lobe:- Receive sensory input from Skin (touch, pain, perception etc.) Occipital lobe:- Receive input from eye . Temporal lobe:- Hearing, Memory, Speech . The boundaries of lobes are marked by deep sulci These are Central, Lateral, Parietal , Occipital sulci

9. Functional Areas of the Cerebrum:- Motor area ( Lie in frontal lobe)– sends impulses to skeletal muscles. Broca’s area (motor speech) – Situated in frontal lobe (Control muscle movement necessary for speech) Sensory area – receives impulses from the body’s sensory receptors

10. Sensory and Motor Areas of the Cerebral Cortex Slide 7.31 Figure 7.14

11. Sensory area:- Slide 7.32a Cerebral areas involved in special senses Gustatory area (taste) Visual area Auditory area Olfactory area

12. Gustatory area (taste ):- Situated above the lateral sulcus impulses from sensory receptor in taste buds are receive & perceive taste. Visual area:- Situated in occipital lobe (optic nerve pass from the eye to this area. Auditory area (Hearinf0 :- Situated below the lateral sulcus in temporal bone. ( receive & interrupt impulse transmit from inner ear to auditory part) Olfactory area (smell):- Situated in temporal lobe were impulse from nose transited through olfactory nerve are receive & interrupt.

13. Other areas:- Thalamus:- Sensory input from skin or special sense. Hypothalamus:- It is compose of number of nerve cell It is situated front & below the thalamus. Function:- Appetite & satiety Thirst & water balance Regulate body temperature Emotional reaction

14. Attaches to the spinal cord Parts of the brain stem Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata Cerebrum (Hindbrain)

15. Mid brain:- It is the area of brain situated around the cerebral aqueducts between cerebrum & pons . It connect the cerebrum with lower part of brain & spinal cord

16. 2. Pons:- I t is situated in front of the cerebellum. It consist of nerve fiber(white matter). Passing fiber from higher level of brain to spinal cord .

17. 3. Medulla oblongata:- It extent from pons above & it continuous with spinal cord below. About 2.5 cm long. Function:- ( the vital center) Cardiovascular center (HR control & BP regulation) Respiratory center Reflex center of Vomiting, Coughing, Sneezing, & Swallowing

18. 4. Cerebellum.:- It is situated behind the pons It occupying posterior cranial fossa Function:- It help co-ordination of voluntary muscular movement, Posture & balance.