PPT ON JOSEPH MARIE JACQUARD

JACQUARD an important textile machinery instrument was invented by this man MR. JOSEPH MARIE JACQUARD.

1. M.L.V. Textile and Engineering College Submitted To :- Mr. V. P. Singh Head of Department (Textile Technology) Submitted By :- Aman Agrawal (CS) 8 th Sem, TT On 11 th April, 2017 13EMBTT011 TOPIC SEMINAR

2. JOSEPH MARIE JACQUARD

3. JOSEPH MARIE JACQUARD Born 7 th July 1752 Died 7 th August 1834 Nationality French Education Worked as apprentice and learned bookbinding Occupation Inventor, merchant weaver Known for Programmable loom

4. Joseph Marie Jacquard  (7 July 1752 – 7 August 1834) was a French weaver and merchant. He played an important role in the development of the earliest programmable loom (the " Jacquard loom "), which in turn played an important role in the development of other programmable machines, such as an early version of digital compiler used by IBM to develop the modern day computer.

5. LIFE OF JOSEPH Joseph Marie Jacquard was born into a conservative catholic family in Lyon, France on 7 July 1752. He was one of nine children of Jean Jacquard, a master weaver of Lyon, and his wife, Antoinette Rive. Joseph received no formal schooling and remained illiterate until he was 13. His mother died in 1762, and his father died in 1772. Before becoming involved in the weaving of silk, Jacquard was a type-founder, a soldier, a bleacher of straw hats, and a lime burner etc. On 26 July 1778, Joseph married Claudine Boichon. She was a middle-class widow from Lyon who owned property and had a substantial dowry.  By 1800, Joseph began inventing various devices. He invented a treadle loom in 1800, a loom to weave fishing nets in 1803, and starting in 1804, the “Jacquard” loom, which would weave patterned silk automatically. However, none of his inventions operated well and thus were unsuccessful.

6. In 1801, Jacquard exhibited his invention at the industrial exhibition in Paris. A loom by Jacques de Vaucanson on display there suggested various improvements in his own, which he gradually perfected to its final state. Although his invention was fiercely opposed by the silk-weavers, its advantages secured its general adoption, and by 1812 there were 11,000 Jacquard looms in use in France. This claim has been challenged: Initially few Jacquard looms were sold because of problems with the punched card mechanism. Only after 1815 — once Jean Antoine Breton had solved the problems with the punched card mechanism — did sales of looms increase. The loom was declared public property in 1806, and Jacquard was rewarded with a pension and a royalty on each machine. Jacquard died at Oullins, 7 August 1834. Six years later, a statue was erected to him in Lyon, on the site where he exhibited his loom in 1801.

7. INVENTION OF JOSEPH JACQUARD LOOM:- The  Jacquard machine  is a device fitted to a power loom that simplifies the process of manufacturing textiles with such complex patterns as brocade, damask and matelassé. It was invented by Joseph Marie Jacquard in 1804. The loom was controlled by a "chain of cards", a number of punched cards, laced together into a continuous sequence. Multiple rows of holes were punched on each card, with one complete card corresponding to one row of the design.

8. Principle of Operation:- Each position in the card corresponds to a "Bolus" hook, which can either be raised or stopped dependent on whether the hole is punched out of the card or the card is solid. The hook raises or lowers the harness, which carries and guides the warp thread so that the weft will either lie above or below it. The sequence of raised and lowered threads is what creates the pattern. Each hook can be connected to a number of threads, allowing more than one repeat of a pattern. A loom with a 400 hook head might have four threads connected to each hook, resulting in a fabric that is 1600 warp ends wide with four repeats of the weave going across.

9. This portrait of Jacquard was woven in silk on a Jacquard loom and required 24,000 punched cards to create (1839). It was only produced to order. Charles Babbage owned one of these portraits; it inspired him in using perforated cards in his analytical engine. It is in the collection of the Science Museum in London, England.

10. IMPORTANCE OF JACQUARD IN COMPUTING The Jacquard head used replaceable punched cards to control a sequence of operations. It is considered an important step in the history of computing hardware. The ability to change the pattern of the loom's weave by simply changing cards was an important conceptual precursor to the development of computer programming and data entry. Charles Babbage knew of Jacquard looms and planned to use cards to store programs in his Analytical engine. In the late 19th century, Herman Hollerith took the idea of using punched cards to store information a step further when he created a punched card tabulating machine which he used to input data for the 1890 U.S. Census. Some early computers, such as the 1944 IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (Harvard Mark I) received program instructions from a paper tape punched with holes, similar to Jacquard's string of cards. Later computers executed programs from higher-speed memory, though cards were commonly used to load the programs into memory. Punched cards remained in use in computing up until the mid 1980s.

11. SOME OTHER LOOMS

12. Thank You