PPT ON SCIENTIST AND THEIR DISCOVERY.pptx

DISCRIPTIVE PRESENTATION OF SOME MAJOR SCIENTISTS WITH THEIR DISCOVERIES

1. Scientists and their discovery By : Khushboo mishra

2. Robert Koch This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA Born : December 11, 1843 ,  Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany Died : May 27, 1910 ,  Baden-Baden, Germany Awards :  Fellow of the Royal Society   (1897),   Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine   (1905)

3. ROBERT KOCH Heinrich Hermann Robert Koch was a G erman physician and microbiologist. H e is regarded as one of the founder s of modern bacteriology. He is popularly nicknamed as the father of microbiology and the farther of medical microbiology. His discovery of Bacillus anthracis (1876) is considered as the birth of modern bacteriology. Robert Koch showed that the spore forming organism Bacillus anthracis was the cause of anthrax disease.

4. This organism was then epidemic in sheep , cattle, and other domestic animal. This disease also occurs in humans. He also provided the proofs for the germ theory of disease and the scientific basis of public health. He established that the specific diseases are caused by the specific germs. He perfected the technique of isolating of bacteria in pure culture. He also discovered the Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Vibrio cholera . Developed methods of fixing and staining bacteria. He developed the series of criteria that have become known as Koch’s postulates.

5. Although Koch worked out the principles, he did not formulate the postulates, which were introduced by his assistant Friedrich Loeffler. Loeffler, reporting his discovery of diphtheria bacillus in 1883, stated three postulates as follows: 1. The organism must always be present in every case of the disease, but not in healthy individuals. 2. The organism must be isolated from a diseased individual and grown in pure culture. 3. The pure culture must cause the same disease when inoculated into a healthy, susceptible individuals. The fourth postulate was added by an American plant pathologist Erwin Frink Smith in 1905, and is stated as: 4. The same pathogen must be isolated from the experimentally infected individuals

6. Alexander Fleming Y Born : August 6, 1881 ,   Darvel, United Kingdom Died :  March 11, 1955 ,   London, United Kingdom Awards :  Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ,   John Scott Legacy Medal and Premium ,  Albert Medal

7. Alexander Fleming Sir Alexander Fleming was a Scottish physician and a microbiologist . He was best known for discovering the world's first broadly effective antibiotic substance, which he named  penicillin .  He attended Louden Moor School, Darvel School, and Kilmarnock Academy before moving to London where he attended the Polytechnic. He spent four years in a shipping office before entering St. Mary’s Medical School, London University. He qualified with distinction in 1906 and began research at St. Mary’s under Sir Almroth Wright, a pioneer in vaccine therapy. He gained M.B., B.S., (London), with Gold Medal in 1908, and became a lecturer at St. Mary’s until 1914.

8. He served throughout World War I as a captain in the Army Medical Corps, being mentioned in dispatches, and in 1918 he returned to St. Mary's. He was elected Professor of the School in 1928 and Emeritus Professor of Bacteriology, University of London in 1948. He was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1943 and knighted in 1944.   His discovery in 1928 of what was later named  benzylpenicillin  (or penicillin G) from the mold  Penicillium rubens   is described as the "single greatest victory ever achieved over disease. For this discovery, he shared the  Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine   in 1945 with  Howard Florey  and  Ernst Boris Chain He also discovered the  enzyme   lysozyme   from his nasal discharge in 1922, and along with it a bacterium he named  Micrococcus Lysodeikticus , later renamed  Micrococcus luteus el Prize in Physiology or Medicine  in 1945 with  Howard Florey  and  Ernst Boris Chain