ppt on story of village Palampur final.pptx

CLASS IX ECONOMICS CHAPTER1

1. STORY OF VILLAGE PALAMPUR

2. Overview The purpose of the story is to introduce some basic concepts relating to production and this we do through a story of a hypothetical village called Palampur.

3. Village palampur 450 families 80 upper caste owns majority of land One third is SCs( Dalits )- live in one corner of the village. Most of the houses have electric connection. Two primary schools High school Government primary health Centre Private dispensary Good roads connect the towns Vehicles.

4. Farming is the main activity in Palampur, whereas several other activities such as small scale manufacturing, dairy, transport, etc. are carried out on a limited scale. These production activities need various types of resources — natural resources, manmade items, human effort, money, etc.

5. Farm Activities

6. Organization of production The first requirement is LAND. The second requirement is LABOUR. The third requirement is PHYSICAL CAPITAL. In physical capital FIXED CAPITAL WORKING CAPITAL

7. LAND Land – The first requirement is land, and other natural resources such as water, forests, minerals.

8. LABOUR Some activities require fully qualified workers and highly educated workers to perform necessary tasks .

9. PHYSICAL CAPITAL: FIXED CAPITAL Tools and machine range from a very simple tools such as farmers plough to sophisticated machine is called fixed capital. This can be used for a long period of time. The sophisticated machine include :- Generators Tools Computers Buildings

10. PHYSICAL CAPITAL: WORKING CAPITAL Production require variety of raw materials like yarn used weaver and clay used by potter. Also , Money is also required in production to make payments and buy other materials. Raw materials and money in hand is called working capital

11. HUMAN CAPITAL Human Capital need knowledge and enterprise to be able to put together land, labour and physical capital and produce an output

12. Land is fixed…! Farming is main activity in Palampur . 75% of the people are working in field and farmers. Since 1960,no expansion in land area under cultivation . But there is constant rise in population ,so the waste land are converted to cultivatable land. Now, There exists no land to convert to cultivatable land.

13. How to grow more from same piece of land?

14. During rainy season( kharif ) farmers grow Jowar and bajra Btwn oct and dec -potato Winter season( rabi )- wheat A part of land is used for cultivation of sugarcane

15. Till the mid- 1960s they used traditional seeds with relatively low yields Traditional seeds need Less irrigation. Natural manure as fertilizers.

16. yield Yield is measured as a crop produced on a given piece of land during a single season.

17. Multiple cropping To grow more than one crop on a piece of land during the year is known as multiple cropping. All farmers in P alampur grow at least two main crops; many are growing potato as the third crop in the past 20 years.

18. Is there any way to grow more crops on same field…..? Yes , if we use modern inputs like HYV seeds Fertilizers Modern farm machinery Pesticides Irrigating using modern facilities by using: 1.Canals 2.Pump sets 3.Electricity 4.Dams

19. Green Revolution The Green Revolution was  a period that began in the 1960s during which agriculture in India was converted into a modern industrial system by the adoption of technology , such as the use of high yielding variety (HYV) seeds, mechanised farm tools, irrigation facilities, pesticides and fertilizers.

20. Hyv seeds High Yielding Varieties M uch greater amounts of grain on a single plant. Need plenty of water. Chemical fertilizers Pesticides.

21. Farmers of Punjab, Haryana,western Uttar Pradesh were the first to try out the modern farming method in India. In P alampur the yield of wheat grown traditional varieties 1300kg/hectare. With HYV seeds 3200kg/hectare. Farmers could sell the surplus in the nearby markets.

22. Will land Sustain….? Land being natural resource ,it is necessary to use very careful in its use. Scientific reports have stated that modern methods have overused the natural resource. Green revolution is associated with loss of soil fertility due to increased use of chemical fertilizers

23. How is land distributed…? In Palampur , for instance the land is distributed on third of 450 families are landless , ie 150 families . Of remaining families who own land , 240 families cultivate less than 2 hectares of land which doesn't give much profit Remaining 60 families occupy large areas above 10 hectares of land which gains them so much profit

24. Who will provide the labour…? After land, labour is next most necessary factor in agriculuture. Small farmers along their families cultivate their own fields, thus cutting costs of labour. Medium and Large farmers hire farm labour to work on their fields. Farm Laborers come from landless farmers or farmers cultivating small fields.

25. The capital Small farmers arrange money from money lenders with high rate of interest. Medium and large farmers have their own savings from farming.

26. Sale of surplus farm products They retain a pat of wheat for their consumption and sell the surplus wheat. A part of the earning is saved and kept for buying capital for the next season. Lending money to small scale farmers.

27. Non-Farm activities

28. Dairy farm Dairy is common activity of people of non farming category. Feed jowar and bajra The milk and other dairy products can be sold at neighboring cities and towns at good profit. This is main occupation for people in rainy season.

29. Small scale manufacturers At , present less than 50 families are engaged in manufacturing. In Palampur , manufacturing involve very simple production methods and These are done with help of family members

30. Shop keepers People involved in trade are not many in Palampur. The traders of Palampur are shop keepers. We can see small general store which sell a whole range of rice , wheat , sugar , tea , oil , biscuits , notebooks , soap , toothpaste , batteries , pens , pencils and even some cloth materials

31. Transport fast developing sector There are variety of vehicles in Palampur They are rickshaws , tongas , jeeps , tractors , trucks , traditional bullock carts etc

32. The Farm Gallery

33. Harvester Old model of harvesters Scenes of village Different types of crops

34. Different types of seeds

35. Old way ploughing modern way