Ppt present and past speculation

review the rules for using modals for speculation and deduction

1. PRESENT AND PAST SPECULATION MODAL VERBS

2. PRESENT PAST MODAL + INFINITIVE MODAL + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE

3. MUST To express a strong belief that something is true E.g. John MUST BE happy to see us . (present) John MUST HAVE LOST his mobile phone.( Past)

4. MIGHT, MAY , COULD When we think that it is possible that something is true E.g. The lions MIGHT/MAY/COULD BE hungry now. (present) E.g. Lucy MIGHT/MAY/COULD HAVE MISSED the train. (past

5. CAN`T When we have a strong belief that something is not true. E.g. It CAN`T BE a domestic cat. It`s too big. (present) E.g. Peter CAN`T HAVE LEFT . His car is outside his house. (past)

6. WE USE MODAL + BE+V-ING TO SHOW THAT SOMETHING IS POSSIBLE IN PRESENT BUT NOT CERTAIN. e.g. Mary MIGHT BE WORKING at home today. (Perhaps she is working at home , I`m not sure.)

7. WE USE MODAL + HAVE BEEN + V-ING TO MAKE LOGICAL DEDUCTIONS ABOUT AN ACTIVITY IN PROGRESS IN THE PAST. e.g. He passed an exam easily. He MUST HAVE BEEN REVISING for weeks.

8. 1 There's no reply. He__________ be out. can must can't mustn't MUST

9. 2 I've got no idea where she is. Try the library. She____________ be in there. might can't must will MIGHT

10. 3 You ________________ left it in the office, I suppose. could have might have must have I and 2 are both possible I and 2 are both possible

11. 4 They _____________ got in through the window - it's on the 21st floor! can have must have can't have might have CAN`T HAVE

12. Judging by the present evidence, we think he ________________ used a disguise. might have probably might 1 and 2 are both possible 1 and 2 are both possible

13. 6 They _____________ got there already. They only left ten minutes ago. can't must must have can't have CAN`T have