PPT Related to Processor Architecture Introduction

PPT based on Processor Architecture

1. Microcontroller

2. Internal structure and basic operation of microprocessor ALU Register Section Control and timing section Address bus Data bus Control bus 2 Block diagram of a microprocessor

3. Examples Intel 4004 – The First Microprocessor Intel 8085 Intel 8086 – 386,486, … Intel Pentium – P4, P5, … Intel Core i3, i5, …

4. AMD ARM Atmel AT&T Bell Labs …

5. AMD ARM Atmel (now sold to microchip) AT&T Bell Labs …

6. Microcontroller Central core of microprocessor with limited capabilities of registers, memory size, and speed. On board memory Several Timers I/O configurable ports Keyboard --- keypad, switch etc. Monitor --- LED , small display, buzzer etc.

7. Examples Intel 8051 PIC dsPIC AVR SAM

8. Examples Intel 8051 PIC dsPIC AVR SAM

9. Examples Intel 8051 PIC -10, 12, 16, 17, 18, 24, 32 dsPIC AVR SAM

10. Examples Intel 8051 PIC -10, 12, 16, 17, 18 , 24, 32 dsPIC AVR SAM

11. Embedded systems Controlled by its own internal microcontroller/microprocessor The ROM is burned with specific functions needed for the system. Examples: Washing machine, ATM, microwave oven etc.

12. Need of the embedded systems To decrease the power consumption and space. It is achieved by integrating more functions into one chip.

13. Choosing a microcontroller Every microcontroller has a unique instruction set and register set. Thus programs written for one are not compatible with other.

14. Criteria to select microcontroller Computing needs of the task efficiently and cost effectively 8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit Speed Packaging - Number of pins, type of package – DIP (Dual inline), QFP(Quad Flat) Power consumption Size of RAM and ROM on chip Number of I/O pins and timers on chip Ease to upgrade to higher performance or lower power consumption versions Cost per unit and number of units required

15. Criteria to select microcontroller 2. Availability of software and hardware development tools such as compiler, assembler, debugger , technical support Most of the times, third party vendor support may be better than the manufacturer

16. Criteria to select microcontroller 3. Wide availability and reliable sources of the microcontroller.

17. PIC microcontroller PIC- Peripheral Interface Controller PIC- 8-bit microcontroller, 1989 – 8 pins Had small amounts of RAM, few hundred bytes of on-chip ROM for the program, one timer, few pins for I/O ports