PPT Thermodinamika Semester 2 (116).pptx

Termodinamika

1. SIKLUS OTTO THERMODINAMIKA

2. KELOMPOK I 1502617059 DANANG BUDI PRATAMA 1 AGUNG FADHILLAH 2 1502621001 1502621006 SUBHAN RAMADHANI 3 1502621011 HAMAM ABDUL AZIZ A.D 4 1502621017 IQBAL FADILLAH 5 1502621022 LITHANSYAH A.T.W 6 1502621060 RAFIF EKA WINATA 1

3. LATAR BELAKANG Pada tahun 1867, Nikolaus August Otto, seorang insinyur Jerman , mengembangkan siklus "Otto" empat langkah , yang banyak digunakan dalam transportasi bahkan hingga saat ini . Motor pembakaran dalam (internal combustion engine) adalah mesin kalor yang berfungsi untuk mengkonversikan energi kimia yang terkandung dalam bahan bakar menjadi energi mekanis dan prosesnya terjadi di dalam suatu ruang bakar yang tertutup. Energi kimia dalam bahan bakar terlebih dahulu diubah menjadi energi termal melalui proses pembakaran. Energi termal yang diproduksi akan menaikkan tekanan yang kemudian menggerakkan mekanisme pada mesin seperti torak, batang torak, dan poros engkol. Motor Otto dengan sistem Spark Ignition menggunakan bantuan bunga api untuk menyalakan atau membakar campuran bahan bakar—udara. Bunga api yang digunakan berasal dari busi. Busi akan menyala saat campuran bahan bakar—udara mencapai rasio kompresi, temperatur, dan tekanan tertentu sehingga akan terjadi reaksi pembakaran yang menghasilkan tenaga untuk mendorong torak bergerak bolak-balik. Siklus langkah kerja yang terjadi pada mesin jenis ini dinamakan siklus Otto dengan mempergunakan bahan bakar bensin

4. DEFINISI SIKLUS OTTO DEFINISI Siklus Otto adalah siklus termodinamika yang paling banyak digunakan dalam kehidupan manusia. Mobil dan sepeda motor berbahan bakar bensin (Petrol Fuel) adalah contoh penerapan dari sebuah siklus Otto. Mesin bensin dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu mesin dua tak dan mesin empat tak. MESIN 4 TAK Mesin empat tak memerlukan empat kali gerakan piston untuk sekali pembakaran . Pada motor-motor besar biasa menggunakan mesin empat tak . Akan tetapi , sekarang banyak motor-motor kecil bermesin empat tak . Mesin jenis ini sedikit menghasilkan sisa pembakaran karena bahan bakarnya hanya bensin murni . MESIN 2 TAK Mesin dua tak adalah mesin yang memerlukan dua kali gerakan piston naik turun untuk sekali pembakaran (agar diperoleh tenaga ). Mesin tersebut banyak digunakan pada motor-motor kecil . Mesin dua tak menghasilkan asap sebagai sisa pembakaran dari oli pelumas .  

5. PRINSIP KERJA MESIN 4 TAK Langkah usaha , terjadi setelah busi memantik api untuk membakar campuran udara dan bahan bakar sehingga terjadi ledakan diruang bakar . Hal ini menyebabkan piston bergerak dari titik mati atas (TMA) ke titik mati bawah (TMB). POWER INTAKE Langkah hisap . terjadi ketika katup inlet terbuka , piston bergerak dari titik mati atas (TMA) ke titik mati bawah (TMB). Hal ini menyebabkan tekanan di ruang bakar menjadi vakum sehingga menyebabkan udara bisa masuk kedalam ruang bakar . Langkah kompresi , terjadi ketika katup inlet tertutup , piston bergerak dari titik mati bawah (TMB) ke titik mati atas (TMA). Proses ini menyebabkan campuran udara dan bahan bakar dimampatkan , sehingga temperature meningkat akibat tekanan yang meningkat COMPRESSION Langkah buang , terjadi ketika katup outlet terbuka , piston bergerak dari titik mati bahwa (TMB) ke titik mati atas (TMA). Hal ini menyebabkan gas hasil pembakaran dibuang melewati katup outlet menuju saluran exhaust. EXHAUST

6. PRINSIP KERJA MESIN 2 TAK INTAKE Langkah hisap dan kompresi , terjadi ketika piston bergerak dari titik mati bawah (TMB) ke titik mati atas (TMA), campuran udara dan bahan bakar masuk ke poros engkol dan dimampatkan pada langkah kompresi . Kedua tahap ini terjadi dalam satu langkah . Langkah usaha dan buang , terjadi ketika piston bergerak dari titik mati atas (TMA) ke titik mati bawah (TMB), pembakaran terjadi akibat busi memantik campuran udara dan bahan bakar dan hasil pembakaran langsung terbuang melalui katub outlet. Kedua tahap ini juga terjadi dalam 1 langkah . COMPRESSION

7. NOMENKLATUR Busi adalah komponen elektris yang digunakan untuk memicu pembakaran campuran udara-bahan bakar dengan menciptakan percikan listrik bertegangan tinggi pada celah elektroda. BUSI KATUP MASUK Katup masuk adalah katup yang berfungsi untuk mengontrol pemasukan campuran udara-bahan bakar ke dalam silinder mesin dan mencegah terjadinya aliran balik ke dalam saluran masuk campuran udara-bahan bakar ( intake manifold ). KATUP BUANG Katup buang adalah katup yang mengontrol pengeluaran hasil pembakaran dari silinder mesin untuk dibuang keluar dan menjaga agar arah aliran yang mengalir hanya satu arah . Torak adalah komponen berbentuk silinder yang bergerak naik turun di dalam silinder , dan berfungsi untuk mengubah tekanan di dalam ruang bakar menjadi gerak rotasi poros engkol . TORAK 1 2 3 4

8. DIAGRAM P-V SIKLUS OTTO PROSES KOMPRESI (ISENTROPIK) 1 PROSES PANAS MASUK PADA VOLUME KONSANT (ISOKHORIK) 2 PROSES EKSPANSI (ISENTROPIK) 3 PROSES PEMBUANGAN PANAS PADA VOLUME KONSTANT (ISOKHORIK) 4

9. SIKLUS OTTO The Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only one that harbors life in the Solar System 3rd law Kompresi Isentropik (1 – 2) Langkah kompresi dari 1 ke 2 dilakukan dengan sedemikian cepatnya, sehingga tidak memberikan waktu kalor untuk mengalir masuk atau keluar sistem. Venus terribly hot, even hotter than Mercury, and its atmosphere is extremely poisonous 2nd law

10. SIKLUS OTTO The Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only one that harbors life in the Solar System 3rd law 1st law Mars is actually a cold place. It's full of iron oxide dust, which gives the planet its reddish cast Venus terribly hot, even hotter than Mercury, and its atmosphere is extremely poisonous 2nd law

11. Newton's laws infographics Mercury It's the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest one in the Solar System Jupiter Jupiter is a gas giant and the biggest planet in the entire Solar System Mars Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place. It’s full of iron oxide dust Venus Venus has a beautiful name and is the second planet from the Sun About the laws of motion

12. Newton's laws infographics Parabolic curve Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun Saturn is a gas giant and has several rings Movement Inertia Centrifugal Gravity force Orbit

13. Newton's laws infographics Hockey puck Newton’s first law The law of inertia States that An object at rest will stay at rest Unless Acted on by an outside force Example Newton's first law

14. Newton's laws infographics 1:40:00 Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun Speed limit 60 1:25:42 Despite being red, Mars is actually cold Speed limit 70 1:32:18 Saturn is a gas giant and has several rings Speed limit 65 1:55:00 Venus is the second planet from the Sun Speed limit 50 100 miles Newton's first law

15. Newton's laws infographics Mars is actually a very cold place Unbalanced force Rest Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun Saturn is a gas giant and has several rings Balanced force Newton's first law

16. Newton's laws infographics Saturn is a gas giant and has several rings Outside force Inertia Venus is the second planet from the Sun Mars is actually a very cold place Back to normal Newton's first law

17. Newton's laws infographics Neptune It’s the farthest planet from the Sun Mars It’s a cold place full of iron oxide dust Mercury Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun Jupiter It’s the biggest planet in the Solar System Newton's first law

18. Rest Mercury is the smallest planet of them all and the closest one to the Sun Force stop Venus has a beautiful name and extremely high temperatures Despite being red, Mars is a very cold place full of iron oxide dust Motion Newton's laws infographics Newton's first law and Friction

19. Newton's laws infographics Second law Acceleration’s law Example Tablecloth trick Proportional Formula F=ma Directly Inversely Force Mass F Newton's second law

20. Newton's laws infographics a m F F=ma m Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place Constant a Saturn is a gas giant and has several rings Acceleration F Jupiter is the biggest planet of them all Force Newton's second law

21. Newton's laws infographics 800 Kg. 600Kg. 1400 Kg. 1:10:00 Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun 1:30:00 Venus is the second planet from the Sun 2:55:00 Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place 1800 Kg. 3:00:00 Saturn is a gas giant and has several rings Newton's second law

22. Newton's laws infographics Newton's second law Venus is the second planet from the Sun Saturn is a gas giant and has several rings Mars is actually a very cold place Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun 56 g 30 km/h 170 g 25 Km/h 20 km/h 650 g 4 kg 10 km/h

23. Newton's laws infographics Mass (kg) Acceleration 50 kg Saturn is the farthest planet from the Sun 150 kg Mars is a cold place full of iron oxide dust 100 kg Jupiter is the biggest planet of them all 200 kg Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here Newton's second law

24. Newton's laws infographics Newton's second law Force Saturn is a gas giant and has several rings. It's composed mostly of hydrogen and helium Acceleration Venus has a beautiful name and is the second planet from the Sun. It’s terribly hot

25. 80% 60% 90% 20% Newton's laws infographics It’s a cold place. It’s full of iron oxide dust Mars Venus Venus is the second planet from the Sun Mercury Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun It’s the biggest planet in the Solar System Jupiter Newton's second law

26. Newton's laws infographics 272 feet Speed limit 60 311 feet Speed limit 65 354 feet Speed limit 70 Jupiter It’s the biggest planet in the Solar System 1 Mars It’s a cold place. It’s full of iron oxide dust 2 Neptune It’s the farthest planet from the Sun 3 Newton's second law

27. Newton's laws infographics Spaceship launch Third law Equal & opposite Example Opposite Equal Direction Magnitude Saturn is a gas giant and has several rings Venus is the second planet from the Sun Newton's third law

28. Newton's laws infographics Venus Venus is the second planet from the Sun Saturn is a gas giant and has several rings Saturn Newton's third law Action Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun Mars is a cold place full of iron oxide dust Reaction

29. Newton's laws infographics Action Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun Saturn is a gas giant and has several rings Reaction Attraction Mars is a cold place full of iron oxide dust Newton's third law

30. Newton's laws infographics The force of the nail on the hammer Action The force of the hammer on the nail Reaction Nail Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun Hammer Venus is the second planet from the Sun Newton's third law

31. Acceleration force Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun Weight Mercury is the smallest planet of them all Gravity The Earth is the planet where we all live Newton's laws infographics Newton's third law

32. Newton's laws infographics Equilibrium Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest one in the Solar System. This planet's name has nothing to do with the liquid metal Saturn is a gas giant and has several rings Reaction Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun Action Newton's third law

33. Newton's laws infographics Drag Mars is full of iron oxide dust which gives the planet its reddish cast The Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only one with life Lift Venus is terribly hot, and its atmosphere is extremely poisonous Thrust Saturn is mostly composed of hydrogen and helium Weight 3rd 1st Newton's first and third laws

34. Newton's laws infographics Inertia Mars is actually a cold place. It's full of iron oxide dust which gives the planet its reddish cast 1 st Venus is terribly hot, even hotter than Mercury, and its atmosphere is extremely poisonous Action - Reaction 3 rd Newton's First and third laws

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