PPT2 Applications of rDNA gen bio2..pptx

For senior high school, from teachers

1. Applications of GENERAL BIOLOGY 2 rDNA

2. What is recombination? Recombination is a term scientists use to define a process of forming a new combination of genes by rearranging genetic material.

3. What is recombination? It can occur naturally by: a) crossing over in chromosomes during meiosis, b) union of genes from male and female parents during sexual reproduction, and c) in all types of genetic exchange in prokaryotes.

4. What is recombination? The method can also be done artificially by joining segments of DNA from different organisms – as a result of genetic engineering . This means that there is human intervention in the process of combining genes to achieve a desired result. This way of manipulating the molecular basis of inheritance is collectively called Recombinant DNA Technology or Biotechnology ( Audesirk and Audesirk ).

5. What is Recombinant DNA? Recombinant DNA or rDNA is a molecule of DNA that has been altered or changed, either through a natural process or through laboratory techniques. In the perspective of biotechnology, rDNA is the artificial or uncommon union of DNA fragments from two different sources of genetic material.

6. Donor and Vector The organism that serves as the source of the desired DNA section is called the donor , while the organism whose DNA is modified is called the vector . Some scientists also use the term chimeric DNA for this unnatural combination of genes.

7. Donor and Vector Look at the illustration. The human cell serves as the donor since the desired gene for human growth hormone is clipped from it, while the bacterium or the bacterial cell is the vector as its DNA is the one being modified. The resulting new DNA is the rDNA which will be inserted to a living host cell in order to produce the desired human growth hormone.

8. rDNA Technology The experimental manipulation of genetic materials to produce rDNA is what is now called recombinant DNA technology ( Schlichte ). The resulting organism that carries the transgene or the artificially inserted gene is called a transgenic organism or a genetically modified organism or GMO . The new DNA molecules formed from different species by laboratory methods are of value to science, medicine, agriculture, and industry.

9. Applications and Products of rDNA T Medicine and Health Agriculture Industry

10. Applications and Products of rDNA T Medicine and Health Examples: Insulin Vaccine Antibiotics Enzyme Production Solution of Disputed Parentage

11. Applications and Products of rDNA T Insulin It is a hormone made up of protein that is secreted in the pancreas by islet cells; responsible for controlling glucose (sugar) level in humans. If a person has low amount of insulin in his body, he will suffer from a disease called diabetes. Nowadays, human insulin is readily available in the market. Synthetic insulin is developed by using bacteria as vectors and host cells.

12. Applications and Products of rDNA T Vaccine It is a biological substance prepared from the suspension of weak or dead pathogenic (disease-causing) cells. It is introduced in the body to enhance the production of antibodies (a protein in our body that detects harmful substances) against antigens (any substance that may cause harm to our body) such as rabies, measles, flu, colds, herpes, Covid-19 virus and others.

13. How do COVID19 Vaccine Works?

14. How do COVID19 Vaccine Works?

15. Applications and Products of rDNA T Antibiotics They are chemical substances used against bacterial infections. They are produced by cultivating and manipulating fungal cells.

16. Applications and Products of rDNA T Production of Enzymes Some useful enzymes such as urokinase, which is used to dissolve blood clots, are also produce through rDNA technology. Solution of Disputed Parentage When a man disputes (disagrees) that he is not the biological father of a child, in contrary to what the mother has claimed, a DNA test will confirm or disprove his claim.

17. Applications and Products of rDNA T 2. Agriculture Examples: Transgenic Animals Transgenic Plants

18. Applications and Products of rDNA T Transgenic Animals

19. Applications and Products of rDNA T Transgenic Plants

20. Applications and Products of rDNA T 3. Industry Examples: Important Chemical Compounds Improved Fermentation Process Protein Production from Wastes