PR1-L7-L8-Qualitative-Data-Analysis-and-Research-Design.pptx

About Practical Research Lesson 7

1. Graded Recitation: Identify what is being asked. It means giving credit to individuals for their creative and intellectual works that you utilized to support your research. It dictates the information necessary for a citation and how the information is ordered, as well as punctuation and other formatting. These are the 3 citation styles. It refers to all of the citations that can be found in all of the chapters in your research paper.

2. 5. It refers to the bibliography and/or references of your research paper. 6. This method of citation is used when the information comes first before the author and publication year. 7. It means citing literatures using the chronological method involves sequencing the information based on the year it was published. 8. This method of citation is used when the author and publication year comes first before the information.

3. 9. In APA Citation for works with six (6) to ten (10) authors. You need to put this words after you mentioned the first author. 10. If you want to mentioned the associations, corporations, and a government agencies several times. You need to put the complete name and for abbreviation shall be enclosed in this symbol. 11. It is an author-date based style. 12. It follows an author-page format.

4. 13. This citation presents two basic documentation systems: a) notes and bibliography and b) author-date. 14. In the by topic manner, the word “and” will be replaced by this symbol. 15. In APA Citation for websites with author but without year published. This initials will serve as the publication year. 16. In APA Citation for websites without author but with the year published. This will be enclosed in quotation marks (“) and will serve as the author.

5. 17. It is the other term for Chicago Manual Style (CMS). 18. In this documentation system, bibliographic information such as notes and bibliography are needed. Footnotes or end notes are placed in the bottom part of the paper. 19. Unlike the notes and bibliography system, this system uses the author’s surname and date of publication. 20. This is the minimum number of author to used “et al.” in CMS Citation.

6. Objectives: Define qualitative data analysis. Distinguish the different data analysis methods. Plans data collection, data gathering instrument, and analysis procedures.  

7. LESSON 7: QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS Prepared by: Hanna Grace R. Sumayang, LPT

8. Qualitative data analysis is a process of gathering, structuring and interpreting qualitative data to understand what it represents. Qualitative data is non-numerical. QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS

9. Content Analysis It is used to identify the patterns that emerge from text, by grouping content into words, phrases, concepts, or images. P opular approach to qualitative data analysis. Thematic analysis is a part of the content analysis.

10. Content Analysis Focuses on analyzing recorded infor mation taken from books, newspaper articles, interviews, audio, and video recording, or even blogs. It uses frequency means the number of times words or phrases appear in the selected text.

11. Examples of Content Analysis : 1. You might be researching changes in attitudes to women's right issues. In this case, you could look at the frequency of words like equal pay and gender equality . 2. Like the number of times Kathryn Bernardo is mentioned on Twitter. 3. Number of times highlights the word “hospitable” to describe Filipinos in tourist pamphlets.

12. Examples of Content Analysis : 4. Analyze polling data to understand the general sentiment regarding a specific political candidate. E thical, trustworthy, dedicated, and God-fearing are words mentioned of that candidate.

13. 2. Narrative Analysis F ocuses on the stories people tell and the language they use to make sense of them. It is particularly useful in qualitative research methods. A narrative analysis might enable us to summarize the outcomes of a focused case study.

14. Examples of Narrative Analysis: 1. For instance, the narrative of a prisoner trying to justify their crime could provide insight into their view of the world and the justice system. 2. Analyzing the ways entrepreneurs talk about the struggles in their careers. 3. Cancer patients telling stories of hope could provide powerful insights into their mindsets and perspectives.

15. 3 . Discourse Analysis The focus is on the way people express themselves in different social contexts. It is used to get a thorough understanding of the political, cultural and power dynamics that exist in specific situations.

16. Examples of Discourse Analysis: 1. A janitor might speak more casually with the CEO in a company that emphasizes equality among workers. 2. A politician might speak more about terrorism if there was a terrorist incident in the country. 3. The employees always afraid talking to their boss that can interpret as the boss is terror and authoritarian.

17. 4. Thematic Analysis It is used to deduce the meaning behind the words people use. This is accomplished by discovering repeating themes in text. T he process of thematic analysis is also referred to as “coding”. A common use-case for  thematic analysis in companies  is analysis of customer feedback.

18. Examples of Thematic Analysis : 1. You could analyze 100 reviews of a popular sushi restaurant to find out what customers think about the place by reviewing the data you would then identify the themes that crop up repeatedly within the data. For example, fresh ingredients or friendly wait staff so as you can see thematic analysis can be pretty useful for finding out people's experiences, views, and opinions.

19. Examples of Thematic Analysis : 2. You want to conduct research on staff experiences of a new office space. In this case, you have gathered answered such as they still on the process of adjusting to new environment and has plenty of storage, meaning everything has a place. 

20. 5 . Grounded Theory Grounded theory is a useful approach when little is known about a subject. Grounded theory starts by formulating a theory around a single data case. This means that the theory is “grounded”.

21. Example of Grounded theory: Target: Y ou want to try to develop a theory about what factors influence students to watch a YouTube video about qualitative data analysis. You chose graduate students as your target respondents then you begin to analyze a small sample like 5 graduate students in a department at a university. Ideally this sample should be reasonably representative of the broader population. You had them interview to identify what factors led them to watch the a video. After analyzing the interview data a general hypothesis or pattern could emerge.

22. You might notice that graduate students are more likely to read a post about qualitative methods if they are starting on their thesis journey or if they have an upcoming test about research methods. From here, you will look for another small sample maybe five more graduates in a different department and see where this pattern or this hypothesis holds true for them. If not, you'll look for more commonalities. Adapt your theory accordingly as this process continues the theory develops.

23. Objectives: Know the meaning of qualitative research design. Chooses appropriate qualitative research design. Collects data through observation and interviews.

24. LESSON 8: QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN Prepared by: Hanna Grace R. Sumayang, LPT

25. It is concerned with depth and focuses on obtaining data through open-ended and conversational communication. A qualitative research design is concerned with establishing answers to the  whys  and  hows   of the phenomenon in question. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN

26. 6 TYPES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGNS

27. ONE-ON-ONE INTERVIEW

28. One-on-one interview M ost common qualitative research methods. It is a personal interview that is carried out with one respondent at a time. I t provides a great opportunity to gather precise data about what people believe and their motivations. 

29. FOCUS GROUP

30. 2. Focus Group Usually includes a limited number of respondents (6-10) from within your target market. I nteraction with the group.

31. ETNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH

32. 3. Ethnographic Research M ost in-depth  observational research  method that studies people in their naturally occurring environment. A ims to understand the cultures , challenges, motivations, and settings that occur. 

33. CASE STUDY

34. 4. Case Study This method may look difficult to operate; however, it is one of the simplest ways of conducting research as it involves a deep dive and thorough understanding of the data collection methods and inferring the data. This type of research method is used within a number of areas like education and social sciences.

35. RECORD KEEPING

36. 5. Record Keeping This method makes use of the already existing reliable documents and similar sources of information as the data source. This data can be used in new research. This is similar to going to a library. There, one can go over books and other reference material to collect relevant data that can likely be used in the research.

37. PROCESS OF OBSERVATION

38. 6. Process of Observation It uses subjective methodologies to gather systematic information or data. Qualitative observation deals with the 5 major sensory organs and their functioning – sight, smell, touch, taste, and hearing.